11 research outputs found
Assistência nutricional a candidatos à cirurgia de obesidade : avaliação da perda de peso pré-operatória e qualidade da alimentação
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana, 2010.INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar das recomendações quanto à perda de peso e adequação do padrão alimentar no período pré-operatório de cirurgia de obesidade, ainda não existe consenso acerca da estratégia mais adequada de assistência nutricional para este período. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta do tratamento nutricional intensivo, comparado à assistência padrão, quanto à perda de peso e às mudanças da qualidade da alimentação antes da cirurgia de obesidade. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 64 pacientes obesos graves, candidatos a cirurgia de obesidade em uma clínica particular, distribuídos entre os grupos de assistência nutricional intensiva e padrão. No primeiro caso, prescreveu-se esquema dietético hipoenergético e consultas quinzenais pré-agendadas. No grupo padrão, a assistência foi baseada em orientações gerais e consultas de rotina. Avaliaram-se evolução de peso e de consumo alimentar durante o período pré-operatório (8 a 16 semanas). A qualidade da dieta foi determinada pelo índice de alimentação saudável adaptado à população brasileira (IASad). Para a evolução de peso, de consumo energético e do IASad, foi aplicado modelo de efeito multinível, em que a variável período de acompanhamento foi tratada como linear. Aplicou-se modelo de regressão linear múltipla, com nível de significância de 5 % para investigar fatores associados à perda de peso. Os dados foram analisados no programa SAS versão 9.2. RESULTADOS: No grupo de assistência nutricional intensiva (34% homens, 39±11 anos de idade, IMC=41,9±5,2 kg/m2, 71,9% do IASad equivalente a dieta precisando de melhorias), 71,9% apresentaram algum grau de perda de peso, sem diferença estatística com relação ao grupo padrão. A evolução do peso corporal sofreu significativamente o efeito do período de acompanhamento (p=0,0002) com redução significativa intra-grupo, mas sem diferenças entre os grupos estudados (p=0,71). A mesma tendência foi observada para o consumo energético, com redução significativa ao longo do acompanhamento, independentemente do tipo de assistência. Para o IASad, não foi observada alteração como um todo, mas o critério nutrientes, associado com a redução no consumo de gordura total, saturada e colesterol, apresentou melhora ao longo do acompanhamento (p=0,02), mas sem diferença entre os grupos (p=0,61). Das variáveis de acompanhamento, comportamento e medicação anti-obesidade, apenas a variação do consumo energético explicou a variação do peso (p=0,017). CONCLUSÃO: A assistência nutricional antes da cirurgia de obesidade, seja intensiva ou padrão, promoveu perda de peso, redução do consumo energético e melhora parcial da qualidade da alimentação, relativa ao critério nutrientes. Nesta análise, a redução do consumo energético foi determinante para a perda ponderal pré-operatória. DESCRITORES: obesidade mórbida, perda de peso, comportamento alimentar, cirurgia bariátrica. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Despite recommendations regarding weight loss and adequacy of dietary patterns in preoperative
obesity surgery, there is no consensus about the most appropriate strategy for nutritional assistance for
this period. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the performance of an intensive nutritional therapy, compared to standard
care with regard to weight loss and changes in the quality of food before obesity surgery. METHODS: It was
selected 64 severely obese patients candidates for obesity surgery in a private clinic, distributed among groups of
intensive and pattern nutritional care. In the first case, it was prescribed a low-calorie diet and fortnightly prescheduled
consultations. In the standard group, the assistance was based on general guidelines and clinical
practice. We evaluated changes in weight and food intake during the preoperative period (8 to 16 weeks). The
quality of the diet was determined by the healthy eating index adapted to Brazilian population (IASad). For the
evolution of weight, energy consumption and IASad was applied multilevel effect model, in which the variable
follow-up period was treated as linear. We applied multiple linear regression model with a significance level of
5%, to investigate factors associated with weight loss. The data were analyzed with SAS software, version 9.2.
RESULTS: In group of intensive nutritional care (34% men, 39 ± 11 years old, BMI = 41.9 ± 5.2 kg/m2, 71.9%
of IASad equivalent diet needing improvement), 71.9 % showed some degree of weight loss, no statistical
difference in the standard group. The evolution of body weight suffered significantly the effect of monitoring
period (p = 0.0002) with significant reductions in intra-group but no differences between groups (p = 0.71). The
same trend was observed for energy consumption, with significant reduction during follow-up, irrespective of
nutritional assistance. There was no change in IASad as a whole, but the criterion nutrients associated with
reduced intake of total fat, cholesterol and saturated showed improvement over the nutritional assistance (p =
0.02) but no difference between groups ( p = 0.61). Among the variables for monitoring, behavior and antiobesity
medication, only the variation of energy consumption significantly explained the variation in weight (p =
0.017). CONCLUSION: The nutritional assistance prior to obesity surgery, either intensive or standard,
promoted weight loss, reduction of energy consumption and partial improvement of food quality on the test
nutrients. In this analysis, the reduction of energy consumption was crucial for preoperative weight loss
Time trends and social inequalities in child malnutrition: nationwide estimates from Brazil's food and nutrition surveillance system, 2009-2017
Objective
In Brazil, national estimates of childhood malnutrition have not been updated since 2006. The use of health information systems is an important complementary data source for analysing time trends on health and nutrition. This study aimed to examine temporal trends and socio-demographic inequalities in the prevalence of malnutrition in children attending primary health care services between 2009 and 2017.
Design
Time trends study based on data from Brazil's Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. Malnutrition prevalence (stunting, wasting, overweight and double burden) was annually estimated by socio-demographic variables. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to analyse time trends. Annual percent change (APC) and 95 % CI were calculated.
Setting
Primary health care services, Brazil.
Participants
Children under 5 years old.
Results
In total, 15,239,753 children were included. An increase in the prevalence of overweight (APC = 3·4 %; P = 0·015) and a decline in the prevalence of wasting (-6·2 %; P = 0·002) were observed. The prevalence of stunting (-3·2 %, P = 0·359) and double burden (-1·4 %, P = 0·630) had discrete and non-significant reductions. Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of undernutrition among children in the most vulnerable subgroups (black, conditional cash transfer's recipients and residents of poorest and less developed areas), high prevalence of stunting and wasting persist alongside a disproportionate increase in the prevalence of overweight in these groups.
Conclusions
The observed pattern in stunting (high and persistent prevalence) and increase in overweight elucidate setbacks in advances already observed in previous periods and stresses the need for social and political strategies to address multiple forms of malnutrition
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
Background
Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories.
Methods
We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age.
Findings
The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran.
Interpretation
Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions
A493 Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: comparison of weight loss and control of comorbidities in a Brazilian Public Hospital
Preoperative Nutritional Interventions in Morbid Obesity: Impact on Body Weight, Energy Intake, and Eating Quality
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified