THREE COMPOSER-CLARINETIST PARTNERSHIPS: MOZART-STADLER, WEBER-BÄRMANN, AND BRAHMS-MÜHLFELD

Collaborations between composers and performers have been responsible for some of the masterworks of Western music, and the repertoire is replete with works inspired by a particular performer‟s tone, technical prowess, musical artistry, or passionate expression. The clarinet repertoire is unique in that major composers from three periods in music history partnered with clarinetists and produced masterworks for the instrument. The relationships explored in this performance project are those of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) to Anton Paul Stadler (1753-1812), Carl Maria von Weber (1786-1826) to Heinrich Josef Bärmann (1784-1847), and Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) to Richard Mühlfeld (1856-1907). While all the three clarinetists were masters of the instrument, they differed in their approach to the instrument and in the style of their playing, and the composers‟ differing styles added to the variety of the resulting works. The operatic tendencies of Mozart and Weber were incorporated into their clarinet music, although Mozart‟s was more ensemble-oriented, while Weber‟s tended to a solo-with-accompaniment design. Stadler‟s virtuosity overcame the relatively primitive five-keyed instrument of his time, and Mozart must have had complete trust in his ability. He was also a “drinking buddy” and Masonic brother of Mozart. Both the intimacy of the relationship and Stadler‟s mastery are apparent in the Clarinet Quintet, KV 581 (1789), and Clarinet Concerto, KV 622 (1791). By Weber‟s and Bärmann‟s generation, the clarinet had almost developed into its modern form, and Bärmann‟s playing was likely influenced by early 19th century virtuosi such as Paganini. Though the Grand Duo Concertant in E-flat major, Op. 48, is ensemble-oriented, the rest of Weber‟s clarinet works are virtuosic showpieces. Even the Clarinet Quintet in B-flat major, Op. 34 treats the strings as accompaniment and emphasizes a virtuoso, soloistic role for the clarinet. In contrast to Bärmann, Mühlfeld‟s playing must have emphasized ethereal beauty over technical wizardry, and the clarinet works by Brahms, particularly his Clarinet Quintet in B minor, Op. 115, are masterworks of intense, lyrical expression. These three partnerships have established an important development of clarinet repertoire, and the tradition of such partnerships has been persevered today

VaB-AL: Incorporating Class Imbalance and Difficulty with Variational Bayes for Active Learning

Active Learning for discriminative models has largely been studied with the focus on individual samples, with less emphasis on how classes are distributed or which classes are hard to deal with. In this work, we show that this is harmful. We propose a method based on the Bayes' rule, that can naturally incorporate class imbalance into the Active Learning framework. We derive that three terms should be considered together when estimating the probability of a classifier making a mistake for a given sample; i) probability of mislabelling a class, ii) likelihood of the data given a predicted class, and iii) the prior probability on the abundance of a predicted class. Implementing these terms requires a generative model and an intractable likelihood estimation. Therefore, we train a Variational Auto Encoder (VAE) for this purpose. To further tie the VAE with the classifier and facilitate VAE training, we use the classifiers' deep feature representations as input to the VAE. By considering all three probabilities, among them especially the data imbalance, we can substantially improve the potential of existing methods under limited data budget. We show that our method can be applied to classification tasks on multiple different datasets -- including one that is a real-world dataset with heavy data imbalance -- significantly outperforming the state of the art

Reduction of coherent betatron oscillations in a muon g-2 storage ring experiment using RF fields

This work demonstrates that two systematic errors, coherent betatron oscillations (CBO) and muon losses can be reduced through application of radio frequency (RF) electric fields, which ultimately increases the sensitivity of the muon $g-2$ experiments. As the ensemble of polarized muons goes around a weak focusing storage ring, their spin precesses, and when they decay through the weak interaction, $\mu^+ \rightarrow e^+ \nu_e \bar{\nu_\mu}$, the decay positrons are detected by electromagnetic calorimeters. In addition to the expected exponential decay in the positron time spectrum, the weak decay asymmetry causes a modulation in the number of positrons in a selected energy range at the difference frequency between the spin and cyclotron frequencies, $\omega_\text{a}$. This frequency is directly proportional to the magnetic anomaly $a_\mu =(g-2)/2$, where $g$ is the g-factor of the muon, which is slightly greater than 2. The detector acceptance depends on the radial position of the muon decay, so the CBO of the muon bunch following injection into the storage ring modulate the measured muon signal with the frequency $\omega_\text{CBO}$. In addition, the muon populations at the edge of the beam hit the walls of the vacuum chamber before decaying, which also affects the signal. Thus, reduction of CBO and unwanted muon loss increases the $a_\mu$ measurement sensitivity. Numerical and experimental studies with RF electric fields yield more than a magnitude reduction of the CBO, with muon losses comparable to the conventional method.Comment: 14 pages, 25 figure

서 론 췌장 신경내분비 종양은 최근 발생 및 진단 빈도가 높아진 것으로 보고되고 있으나[1,2] 전체 유병률이 10만명 당 1명 이하의 드문 질 환으로 임상양상 및 생존과 관련된 예후 인자는 정확히 알려져 있지 않다[3,4]. 지금까지의 국내외 보고들은 대부분 그 증례가 부족하여 일반화된 결론을 내리기에는 어려움이 있었다[5-7]. 췌장 신경내분비 종양은 임상양상에 따라 기능성과 비기능성 신 경내분비 종양으로 분류할 수 있는데, 현미경적으로는 감별이 어

Purpose: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare neoplasms with reported incidence of < 1 per 100,000 persons per year. PNETs are classified as functional or nonfunctional depending on their production of specific pancreatic endocrine hormones. This study presents the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of PNETs experienced in a single institution

Search for the Sagittarius Tidal Stream of Axion Dark Matter around 4.55 μ\mueV

We report the first search for the Sagittarius tidal stream of axion dark matter around 4.55 $\mu$eV using CAPP-12TB haloscope data acquired in March of 2022. Our result excluded the Sagittarius tidal stream of Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii and Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter densities of $\rho_a\gtrsim0.184$ and $\gtrsim0.025$ GeV/cm$^{3}$, respectively, over a mass range from 4.51 to 4.59 $\mu$eV at a 90% confidence level.Comment: 6 pages, 7 Figures, PRD Letter accepte

Identifying colorectal cancer caused by biallelic MUTYH pathogenic variants using tumor mutational signatures

Carriers of germline biallelic pathogenic variants in the MUTYH gene have a high risk of colorectal cancer. We test 5649 colorectal cancers to evaluate the discriminatory potential of a tumor mutational signature specific to MUTYH for identifying biallelic carriers and classifying variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS). Using a tumor and matched germline targeted multi-gene panel approach, our classifier identifies all biallelic MUTYH carriers and all known non-carriers in an independent test set of 3019 colorectal cancers (accuracy = 100% (95% confidence interval 99.87-100%)). All monoallelic MUTYH carriers are classified with the non-MUTYH carriers. The classifier provides evidence for a pathogenic classification for two VUS and a benign classification for five VUS. Somatic hotspot mutations KRAS p.G12C and PIK3CA p.Q546K are associated with colorectal cancers from biallelic MUTYH carriers compared with non-carriers (p = 2 x 10(-23) and p = 6 x 10(-11), respectively). Here, we demonstrate the potential application of mutational signatures to tumor sequencing workflows to improve the identification of biallelic MUTYH carriers. Germline biallelic pathogenic MUTYH variants predispose patients to colorectal cancer (CRC); however, approaches to identify MUTYH variant carriers are lacking. Here, the authors evaluated mutational signatures that could distinguish MUTYH carriers in large CRC cohorts, and found MUTYH-associated somatic mutations

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making

Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts