Climate change : strategies for mitigation and adaptation

The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to humaninduced climate change. This perilous change in the Earth's climate is caused by increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily due to emissions associated with burning fossil fuels. Over the next two to three decades, the effects of climate change, such as heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, storms, and floods, are expected to worsen, posing greater risks to human health and global stability. These trends call for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Pollution and environmental degradation exacerbate existing problems and make people and nature more susceptible to the effects of climate change. In this review, we examine the current state of global climate change from different perspectives. We summarize evidence of climate change in Earth’s spheres, discuss emission pathways and drivers of climate change, and analyze the impact of climate change on environmental and human health. We also explore strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation and highlight key challenges for reversing and adapting to global climate change

Effects of ball milling on biochar adsorption of contaminants in water: A meta-analysis

Reckless release of contaminants into the environment causes pollution in various aquatic systems on a global scale.Biochar is potentially an inexpensive and environmentally friendly adsorbent for removing contaminants fromwater. Ball milling has been used to enhance biochar's functionality; however, global analysis of the effect of ball millingon biochar's capacity to adsorb contaminants in aqueous solutions has not yet been done. Here, we conducted ameta-analysis to investigate the effects of ball milling on the adsorption/removal capacity of biochar for contaminantsin aqueous solutions, and to investigate whether ball milling effects are related to biochar production, ball milling, andother experimental variables. Overall, ball milling significantly increased biochar adsorption capacity towards both inorganicand organic contaminants, by 69.9%and 561.9%, respectively. This could be attributed to ball milling increasingbiochar surface area by 2.05-fold, pore volume by 2.39-fold, and decreasing biochar pH by 0.83-fold. The positiveadsorption effects induced by ball milling varied widely, with the most effective being ball milling for 12 to 24 h at 30