Kinetics of invertase synthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in synthetic medium

Present investigation deals with optimization of appropriate substrate concentration and incubation temperature both for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and invertase production. Submerged fermentation technique was employed in the present study. The maximal production of invertase during the course of study was achieved after 48 h of incubation using initial sucrose concentration, 15.0 g l-1. The sugar consumption and dry cell mass were also examined. Data was subjected to kinetic analysis and on the basis of kinetic parameters such as Yp/x (amount of enzyme produced mg-1 cell mass), Yp/s (amount of enzyme produced mg-1 sugar consumed), Yx/s (mg cells mg-1 substrate consumed), Ys/x (mg sugar consumed mg-1 cell mass produced), qp (Amount of enzyme produced mg-1 sugar consumed h-1), qs (mg mg-1 cells h-1), qx (mg cells mg-1 sugar consumed h-1), µ (mg cells produced h-1), it was found that temperature had a direct influence both on substrate consumption and synthesis of enzyme. Similarly, higher concentrations of sucrose in fermentation medium induced catabolite repression of yeast invertase

Revitalising the Planning Commission

This paper considers the key problems confronting the Pakistan Planning Commission, briefly examines the essentials of planning for a mixed economy, draws lessons from the experience of countries, both developed and developing, that have formulated and implemented successful plans, and suggests measures to revitalize the Planning Commission. Some suggestions are put forward for continuous upgrading of the institution’s skills in the longer run. The paper also describes ways in which policymakers can learn from their counterparts in successful countries in the region

Comparison of bridge design in Malaysia between American codes and British codes

The design of a highway bridge, like most any other civil engineering project, is dependant on certain standards and criteria. Naturally, the critical importance of highway bridges in a modern transportation system would imply a set of rigorous design specifications to ensure the safety and overall quality of the constructed project. By general specifications, we imply an overall design code covering the majority of structures in a given transportation system.In the United States bridge engineers use AASHTO’s standard Specification for Highway Bridges and, in similar fashion or trends, German bridge engineer utilize the DIN standard and British and Malaysia designers the BS 5400 code. In general, countries like German and United Kingdom which have developed and maintained major highway systems for a great many years possess their own national bridge standards. The AASHTO Standard Specification, however, have been accepted by many countries as the general code by which bridges should be designed. In this research study, investigation and comparisons using codes of practices for bridge design in Malaysia is done . American codes has been choosen as an alternative to British codes in design of bridge, followed by comparison in term of structure component performance due to seismic loading. The purpose is to investigate the performance of existing bridge in Malaysia due to seismic resistant. Thus, the bridge performance over the safety condition and structure integrity while using both codes of practices, American and British Codes is identified

PENDEKATAN COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA BANK SAMPAH KECAMATAN MANGGALA

Garbage is a complex problem that every big city has. The waste problem is acommon problem that requires efforts and efforts from the community, privatesector actors and the government to handle it. Therefore, one of the efforts of the Makassar City Government in handling waste is the establishment of a WasteBank in each region with a Central Waste Bank under the Makassar CityEnvironmental Service. Collaborative Governance was born due to limitedresources and government finances in the continuity of the management of theWaste Bank which is now in every District of Makassar City. One of them is theManggala Sector Waste Bank under the leadership of the Manggala DistrictGovernment which is now collaborating with PT. Pegadaian since 2019. Theinscription of cooperation between Manggala District and PT. Pegadaian wasinaugurated in 2019 and inaugurated by the deputy mayor of Makassar with thetheme “The Gade Clean & Gold Waste Sorting Program Saving Gold PT.Pawnshops and Manggala District". In the ongoing collaboration process,indicators are met in building communication which is reflected by weighingwaste involving community participation, building commitments that have thehopes and desires of the collaborating parties to play a role in sorting waste sothat the volume of waste entering the landfill can be controlled, building trustfrom parties involved. collaborating is the main supporter in achievingconsistency in collaborative performance, and understanding in achievingresults includes the creation of a clean environment and public understandingthat waste can be of value. The research was conducted using qualitativemethods, namely interviews and field observations

An Analysis of Exports and Growth in Pakistan

The paper examines the export-led growth (ELG) paradigm for Pakistan, using data of the period from 1970-71 to 2003-04. The paper uses a number of analytical tools, including Unit Root Test, Phillips- Perron Tests, Co-integration Johansen Test, and the Granger Tests. The paper sets three hypotheses for testing the ELG paradigm for Pakistan; (a) whether GDP and exports are cointegrated, (b) whether exports Granger cause growth, and (c) whether exports Granger cause investment. The time series data on GDP growth, export growth and investment GDP ratio (proxy for capital formation), and the labour employed were used. The data were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and Phillips-Perron test (1988), and then the relationship between GDP growth rate and the growth rate of other variables was determined using OLS with AR (1). The major finding of the present study is that growth rate of export, total investment, and labour employed have positively affected the GDP growth rate