MASSA CORPORAL, IMAGEM CORPORAL E DESEJO POR TRATAMENTOS ESTÉTICOS NAS DIFERENTES FASES DO CICLO MENSTRUAL

Objective: analyze the body weight, body image and the desire for aesthetic treatments during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Methods: this is a prospective longitudinal clinical trial, which forty women were followed for a complete menstrual cycle and evaluated by two times: Follicular Phase and Luteal Phase, for middle of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Scale Figures Silhouettes and questioned about the desire for aesthetic treatments quantified by Visual Numeric Scale (VNS), during the months of january to may 2012, in the Physical Therapy of São Paulo City University. Results: there was an increase in body mass (p < 0.001) and the Scale Figures Silhouettes FF for FL (p = 0.058). Conclusions: increased body mass and impaired body image, however, there was no change in body image and the desire for aesthetic treatments in the different phases of the menstrual cycle.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236583412758 Objetivo: analisar a massa corporal, a imagem corporal e o desejo por tratamentos estéticos durante as fases folicular e lútea do ciclo menstrual. Metodologia: este é um ensaio clínico longitudinal prospectivo, no qual 40 mulheres foram acompanhadas durante um ciclo menstrual completo e avaliadas em dois momentos: Fase Folicular e a Fase Lútea; por meio do Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e da Escala de Figuras de Silhuetas, e questionadas quanto ao desejo por tratamentos estéticos quantificado pela Escala Visual Numérica (EVN), durante os meses de janeiro à maio de 2012, na Clínica de Fisioterapia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo. Resultados: observou-se aumento da massa corporal (p<0,001) e da Escala de Figuras de Silhuetas da FF para FL (p=0,058). Conclusões: houve aumento da massa corporal e alteração da imagem corporal; entretanto, não houve mudança da imagem corporal e do desejo por tratamentos estéticos nas diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual.

Efeito da adição de glutationa na função e estresse oxidativo em sêmen ovino criopreservado

The high susceptibility of sperm to the oxidative stress occurs especially due to high content of poly-unsaturated fattyacids (PUFAs) in its plasma membrane. The PUFAs provide the necessary fluidity to the plasma membrane. Howeverdouble bonds present in those fatty acids are more susceptible to oxidative stress. Studies in human indicate thatcryopreservation may lead to damages to the sperm due to oxidative stress. This study aimed to verify if the antioxidantglutathione (GSH) may protect ovine cryopreserved sperm against damages caused by oxidative stress. Semen samplesof four rams were cryopreserved using Tris-egg yolk extender supplemented with different concentrations of reducedglutathione (control, 1, 5 and 10 mM). After thawing, samples were evaluated using conventional (motility and vigor)and functional tests (membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity). Aliquots of each thawed sample were submitted toprotocol of induced lipid peroxidation using ascorbate (20 mM) and ferrous sulphate (4 mM), with further measurementof tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), index of oxidative stress. No effect of GSH was observed on variablesassessed by conventional tests. GSH decreased the proportion of intact acrosomes. Samples treated with 5 mM GSHshowed lower percentage of intact membrane cells when compared to control samples and those treated with 10 mM.The percentage of cells with mitochondrial activity was affected by GSH, but no effect on TBARS. Samples from controlgroup were more susceptible to denaturation of chromatin. In conclusion, the addition of Glutathione (GSH) offersprotection to DNA and mitochondrial activity of ovine sperm.Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados garantem fluidez à membrana plasmática do espermatozoide. No entanto, as duplas ligações presentes, os tornam mais susceptíveis aos efeitos nocivos da peroxidação lipídica. A adição do antioxidante Glutationa reduzida (GSH) poderia conferir proteção aos espermatozoides de ovinos submetidos à congelação contra os graves danos causados pelo estresse oxidativo. O objetivo do presente experimento foi avaliar se a GSH protege os espermatozoides ovinos criopreservados contra danos causados pelo estresse oxidativo. Foram colhidos ejaculados de quatro carneiros adultos. As análises convencionais foram: concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia. As análises funcionais foram: integridade de membrana, integridade acrossomal, integridade de cromatina e atividade mitocondrial. O sêmen foi criopreservado utilizando o diluidor Tris-gema-critrato, suplementado com GSH (controle, 1, 5 e 10 mM). As amostras foram submetidas ao protocolo de peroxidação lipídica induzida e subsequente quantificação das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o Sistema SAS para Windows. Não houve efeito do tratamento com GSH sobre as variáveis avaliadas pelos testes convencionais. A GSH diminuiu a proporção de acrossomas íntegros. Amostras tratadas com 5mM de GSH apresentaram menor percentual de células com membranas íntegras quando comparadas às amostras controle e aquelas tratadas com 10 mM; o percentual de células sem atividade mitocondrial foi influenciado pela GSH e também não houve efeito nas TBARS. As amostras do grupo controle foram mais susceptíveis à denaturação da cromatina. Em conclusão, a adição do antioxidante Glutationa reduzida confere proteção ao DNA e à atividade mitocondrial de espermatozoides de ovinos

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe