Trabajo asalariado y maternidad : un estudio fenomenológico con mujeres ejecutivas

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer los significados que un grupo de mujeres ejecutivas le asigna a su trabajo al ser madres. Para ello, se planteó un diseño fenomenológico basado en entrevistas en profundidad con cuatro mujeres ejecutivas en Lima Metropolitana, quienes laboran en empresas privadas y tienen un solo hijo/a pequeño. Las experiencias subjetivas del significado del trabajo fueron analizadas partir de la teoría del “ajuste trabajo-familia” (Grzywacz & Bass, 2003). Asimismo, se indagaron los diferentes vínculos y tensiones entre el ámbito laboral y el familiar, así como las maneras en que estas mujeres madres trabajadoras concilian, afrontan y articulan estas dos dimensiones de su vida. Los resultados se discutieron a partir de dos ejes principales: tensión por el tiempo y la maternidad como elemento que completa. Se halló que el significado del trabajo se transforma, e incluso se relega a un segundo plano luego de la maternidad; siendo este el rol prioritario durante los primeros años de vida del hijo/a. Si bien, para las participantes, la maternidad completaría la ecuación trabajo-pareja-familia, la cual representa lograr la autorrealización de la mujer contemporánea, cada factor de la ecuación tendría un peso distinto en sus vivencias. Los resultados permiten reflexionar sobre cómo las condiciones del actual sistema laboral, a falta de políticas (gubernamentales y privadas) que apoyen las necesidades para mejorar el ajuste trabajofamilia, promueven que las mujeres asuman más responsabilidades que los hombres con una doble carga siendo esto naturalizado por ellas mismas y por la sociedad.The main purpose of the present study is to know the meanings that a group of executive women assigns to their work after becoming mothers. To do this, a phenomenological design was proposed based on in-depth interviews with four executive women in Metropolitan Lima, who work in private companies and have only one small child. The subjective experiences of the meaning of work were analyzed starting from the theory of "work-family adjustment" (Grzywacz & Bass, 2003). Likewise, the different links and tensions between the work and family environment were investigated, as well as the ways in which these working mothers women reconcile, face and articulate these two dimensions of their lives. The results were discussed from two main axes: tension for time and motherhood as the element that completes. It was found that the meaning of work is transformed, and even relegated to the background after motherhood; even this being the priority role during the first years of the child's life. Although, for the participants, motherhood would complete the work-couple-family equation, which represents achieving the selfrealization of contemporary women, each factor of the equation would have a different weight in their experiences. The results allow us to reflect on how the conditions of the current labor system, in the absence of policies (governmental and private) that support the needs to improve work-family adjustment, promote that women assume more responsibilities than men with a double burden, this being naturalized by themselves and by society.Tesi

Nivel De Actitud Del Residente Barranquino Frente Al Desarrollo Turístico De Su Localidad En El Año 2017.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de actitud del residente barranquino según grupo etario frente al desarrollo turístico de su localidad, por lo cual la investigación fue de tipo descriptiva simple. Con respecto a las dimensiones de estudio, se desprendieron cinco que luego conllevaron a la formulación de los objetivos específicos: política turística y gobernabilidad; desempeño económico, inversión y competitividad; empleo, trabajo decente y capital humano; reducción de la pobreza e inclusión social; y sostenibilidad del medio ambiente natural y cultural. Estos, se tomaron en consideración debido a que la teoría elegida lo determinaba, siendo este el concepto definido la OMT. Con respecto a la metodología utilizada, el diseño se investigación fue de tipo no experimental y de corte transversal, así como la muestra fue probabilística, pues la población se caracterizó por ser finita y estar compuesta por 23716 pobladores de Barranco, de los cuales se extrajo la muestra total de 194 residentes. Asimismo, el instrumento usado para la recolección de datos fue el cuestionario, y el método para su análisis fue el sistema estadístico spss. Finalmente, se tuvo como conclusión que los barranquinos adultos manifiestan con un 30% la actitud de partidarios con opinión matizada frente al desarrollo turístico y la población joven con el 10%. Por su parte, los adultos mayores manifestaron la actitud de sin opinión formada con 12%

Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas de Esfuerzo y Ecocardiografía realizadas en pacientes de Cardiología del Hospital Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 2018

Introducción: La cardiopatía isquémica se engloba dentro de las tres primeras causas de muerte en Perú donde sus complicaciones demandan costos elevados en el presupuesto sanitario (1,6). Su clínica manifiesta constituye emergencia médica, diferentes parámetros ecocardiográficos y electrocardiográficos nos permiten estratificar el riesgo y tomar una conducta terapéutica acorde al mismo. Objetivo: Determinar el valor predictivo de las pruebas de esfuerzo y ecocardiografía realizadas en pacientes de cardiología del HNAAA. Material y métodos: Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas cuantitativo de tipo analítico. Características operativas de las pruebas de esfuerzo y ecocardiografía para el diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica en pacientes con angina estable. Resultados: Se analizaron 182 pacientes con alta sospecha clínica de cardiopatía isquémica, edad promedio 67 años (13): 151 varones y 31 mujeres; 53.3% tienen HTA, 9.34% diabetes mellitus y 23.8% ambas. Se detectó enfermedad coronaria en 93.4%. La prueba de esfuerzo presentó sensibilidad del 66.67%, especificidad 88.99%, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) 93.41% y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) 53.3%, con precisión diagnóstica del 73.35%. La ecocardiografía presentó sensibilidad del 58.02%, especificidad 83.10%, VPP 93.41% y VPN 32.42%, con precisión diagnóstica del 62.91%. La relación prueba de esfuerzo y vaso afectado: 34 con 1 vaso (prueba positiva 6.04% y negativa 12.64%), 50 con 2 vasos (prueba positiva 6.59% y negativa 20.88%), 86 con 3 vasos (prueba positiva 31.32% y negativa 15.93%). Discusión: La sensibilidad de la prueba de esfuerzo fue similar comparado a otros estudios y en especificidad resultó mucho mayor a 72% (3); posiblemente por el parámetro de positividad usado en nuestro Hospital de un infradesnivel de ST mayor a 2mm. En ecocardiografía nuestra sensibilidad fue menor a 70% y especificidad mayor a 55% (2); sugerimos se debe al tiempo de demora para su realización con clínica persistente. La afectación de vaso obtuvo una relación significativa con la prueba de esfuezo (p=<0.001)

Actividad antioxidante en sistema heterogéneo y homogéneo de los exudados resinosos de Heliotropium stenophyllum y H. sinuatum y de 3-O-methylgalangina su componente mayoritario

La actividad antioxidante de exudados resinosos obtenidos desde las especies H. stenophylum y H. sinuatum, fue evaluada a través del ensayo ORAC  (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) en fase acuosa y en presencia de micelas de Triton X-100, usando como molécula prueba a pirogalol rojo (PGR) y  evaluando su reducción frente a la acción de radicales peróxidos obtenidos desde la termólisis de AAPH. Los resultados muestran que estos extractos  protegen al PGR de la acción de los radicales. Esta protección es reducida drásticamente en presencia de micelas de Tritón X-100. El mismo efecto fue  observado con el flavonoide mayoritario de estos extractos (3-O-metilgalangina). Estos resultados muestran la importancia de considerar el medio de reacción  de compuestos puros y/o extractos al momento de tomar en cuenta su uso como antioxidantes

Response of Vicia faba L. to metal toxicity on mine tailing substrate:Geochemical and morphological changes in leaf and root

Vicia faba L. seeds were grown in a pot experiment on soil, mine tailings, and a mixture of both to mimic field situations in cultivated contaminated areas near mining sites. Metals in the substrates and their translocation in root, stem and leaf tissues were investigated, including morphological responses of plants growing on mine tailings. Metal concentration � and generally bioaccumulation � was in the order: roots > leaves > stems, except Pb and Cd. Translocation was most significant for Zn and Cd, but limited for Pb. Metal concentration in root and leaf was not proportional to that in the substrates, unexpectedly the minimum being observed in the mixed substrate whilst plant growth was retarded by 20% (38% on tailings). Calcium, pH, organic matter and phosphorus were the main influencing factors for metal translocation. The ultrastructure of V. faba L. cells changed a lot in the mine tailings group: root cell walls were thickened with electron dense Pb, Zn and C particles; in chloroplasts, the number of plastoglobuli increased, whereas the thylakoids were swollen and their number decreased in grana. Finally, needle-shaped crystalline concretions made of Ca and P, with Zn content, were formed in the apoplast of the plants. The stratagems of V. faba L. undergoing high concentrations of toxic metals in carbonate substrate, suggest root cell wall thickening to decrease uptake of toxic metals, a possible control of metal transport from roots to leaves by synthesizing phytochelators�toxic metal complexes, and finally a control of exceeded Ca and metal concentration in leaves by crystal P formation as ultimate response to stress defense. The geochemical factors influencing metal availability, guaranty a reduction of metal content in plant growing on mixed tailing/soil substrate as far as carbonate are not completely dissolved

Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCA) and the Batak Cultural Minorities of Northern Palawan, Philippines

This nascent study examines the current state of the Batak indigenous people in So. Tinitian, Brgy. Tagnipa, Roxas, Palawan as they engage with external institutions in the process of ICCA declaration of their ancestral domain in the midst that legal land and resources rights recognition had been elusive in the past[1]. The Batak indigenous people are termed a

The DICA Endoscopic Classification for Diverticular Disease of the Colon Shows a Significant Interobserver Agreement among Community Endoscopists: an International Study

Background & Aims: The Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment (DICA) endoscopic classification of diverticulosis and diverticular disease (DD) is currently available. It scores severity of the disease as DICA 1, DICA 2 and DICA 3. Our aim was to assess the agreement on this classification in an international endoscopists community setting. Methods: A total of 96 doctors (82.9% endoscopists) independently scored a set of DD endoscopic videos. The percentages of overall agreement on DICA score and a free-marginal multirater kappa (kappa) coefficient were reported as statistical measures of interrater agreement. Results: Overall agreement in using DICA was 91.8% with a free-marginal kappa of 88% (95% CI 80-95). The overall agreement levels were: DICA 1, 85.2%; DICA 2, 96.5%; DICA 3, 99.5%. The free marginal. was: DICA 1 = 0.753, DICA 2 = 0.958, DICA 3 = 0.919. The agreement about the main endoscopic items was 83.4% (k 67%) for diverticular extension, 62.6% (k 65%) for number of diverticula for each district, 86.8% (k 82%) for presence of inflammation, and 98.5 (k 98%) for presence of complications. Conclusions: The overall interrater agreement in this study ranges from good to very good. DICA score is a simple and reproducible endoscopic scoring system for diverticulosis and DD

International Consensus on Diverticulosis and Diverticular Disease. Statements from the 3rd International Symposium on Diverticular Disease

The statements produced by the Chairmen and Speakers of the 3rd International Symposium on Diverticular Disease, held in Madrid on April 11th-13th 2019, are reported. Topics such as current and evolving concepts on the pathogenesis, the course of the disease, the news in diagnosing, hot topics in medical and surgical treatments, and finally, critical issues on the disease were reviewed by the Chairmen who proposed 39 statements graded according to level of evidence and strength of recommendation. Each topic was explored focusing on the more relevant clinical questions. The vote was conducted on a 6-point scale and consensus was defined a priori as 67% agreement of the participants. The voting group consisted of 124 physicians from 18 countries, and agreement with all statements was provided. Comments were added explaining some controversial areas

Assessing the uncertainties of model estimates of primary productivity in the tropical Pacific Ocean

Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Systems 76 (2009): 113-133, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.010.Depth-integrated primary productivity (PP) estimates obtained from satellite ocean color based models (SatPPMs) and those generated from biogeochemical ocean general circulation models (BOGCMs) represent a key resource for biogeochemical and ecological studies at global as well as regional scales. Calibration and validation of these PP models are not straightforward, however, and comparative studies show large differences between model estimates. The goal of this paper is to compare PP estimates obtained from 30 different models (21 SatPPMs and 9 BOGCMs) to a tropical Pacific PP database consisting of ~1000 14C measurements spanning more than a decade (1983- 1996). Primary findings include: skill varied significantly between models, but performance was not a function of model complexity or type (i.e. SatPPM vs. BOGCM); nearly all models underestimated the observed variance of PP, specifically yielding too few low PP (< 0.2 gC m-2d-2) values; more than half of the total root-mean-squared model-data differences associated with the satellite-based PP models might be accounted for by uncertainties in the input variables and/or the PP data; and the tropical Pacific database captures a broad scale shift from low biomass-normalized productivity in the 1980s to higher biomass-normalized productivity in the 1990s, which was not successfully captured by any of the models. This latter result suggests that interdecadal and global changes will be a significant challenge for both SatPPMs and BOGCMs. Finally, average root-mean-squared differences between in situ PP data on the equator at 140°W and PP estimates from the satellite-based productivity models were 58% lower than analogous values computed in a previous PP model comparison six years ago. The success of these types of comparison exercises is illustrated by the continual modification and improvement of the participating models and the resulting increase in model skill.This research was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Agency Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program (NNG06GA03G), as well as by numerous other grants to the various participating investigator

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements