Menciptakan Good and Clean Government Berbasis Syariah Islamiyah Dalam Tatakelola Pemerintahan Republik Indonesia

Terciptanya sebuah pemerintahan yang bersih dan berwibawamerupakan hal yang sangatlah urgen. Untuk menuju kepada pemerintahan yang baik dan bersih diperlukan pengelolaan berbagai bidang kehidupan seperti politik, hukum, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya secara lebih serius, transparan, dan terarah serta melibatkan semua komponen bangsa guna bersama-sama bangkit dari keterpurukan dan kehinaan di mata dunia Internasional.Dalam mewujudkan pemerintahan yang baik dan bersih, diperlukan berbagai cara, selain dengan menegakkan beberapa prinsip Good and Clean Governance, juga dengan menerapkan konsep syariah Islamiyah seperti nash Alquran dan hadis, kaedah fqhiyah dan maqhasid al Syariah. Dengan upaya ini, diharapkan dapat tertatanya birokrasi pemerintahan negara Republik Indonesia dengan selalu mengedepankan kepentingan masyarakat dengan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan mutu bernegara yang lebih baik

IBMPFD disease-causing mutant VCP/p97 proteins are targets of autophagic-lysosomal degradation

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) degrades soluble proteins and small aggregates, whereas macroautophagy (autophagy herein) eliminates larger protein aggregates, tangles and even whole organelles in a lysosome-dependent manner. VCP/p97 was implicated in both pathways. VCP/p97 mutations cause a rare multisystem disease called IBMPFD (Inclusion Body Myopathy with Paget's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia). Here, we studied the role IBMPFD-related mutants of VCP/p97 in autophagy. In contrast with the wild-type VCP/p97 protein or R155C or R191Q mutants, the P137L mutant was aggregate-prone. We showed that, unlike commonly studied R155C or R191Q mutants, the P137L mutant protein stimulated both autophagosome and autolysosome formation. Moreover, P137L mutant protein itself was a substrate of autophagy. Starvation- and mTOR inhibition-induced autophagy led to the degradation of the P137L mutant protein, while preserving the wild-type and functional VCP/p97. Strikingly, similar to the P137L mutant, other IBMPFD-related VCP/p97 mutants, namely R93C and G157R mutants induced autophagosome and autolysosome formation; and G157R mutant formed aggregates that could be cleared by autophagy. Therefore, cellular phenotypes caused by P137L mutant expression were not isolated observations, and some other IBMPFD disease-related VCP/p97 mutations could lead to similar outcomes. Our results indicate that cellular mechanisms leading to IBMPFD disease may be various, and underline the importance of studying different disease-associated mutations in order to better understand human pathologies and tailor mutation-specific treatment strategies

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Analisis Tindak Tutur Direktif Perawatan di Ruangan UGD RSUD Polewali Mandar

Tindak tutur direktif mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam masyarakat. Perawat dan pasien dalam berkomunikasi memerlukan tindak tutur direktif sebagai media menyampaikan maksud. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tindak tutur direktif perawat di ruangan UGD RSUD Polewali Mandar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah Pemrosesan data, kategorisasi dan penafsiran data. Analisis data menggunakan menurut Miles dan Huberman yaitu: (1) Reduksi Data, (2) Display Data, (3) Verifikasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh : bentuk tindak tutur direktif pada perawat diruangan UGD RSUD Polewali Mandar sejumlah 40 data tuturan direktif dengan rincian (1) Jenis tindak tutur direktif pertanyaan (questions) perawat yang ditemukan sejumlah29, (2) Jenis tindak tutur direktif permintaan (requstives) sejumlah 3 data, (3) Jenis tindak tutur direktif perintah (requirements) sejumlah 6 data, (4) Jenis tindak tutur direktif larangan ( prohibitive) sejumlah 1 data, (5) Jenis tindak tutur direktif nasihat (advisories) sejumlah 1 data

Activated Paphia undulate Shells Waste (APSW): A Cost-Effective Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis from Rubber and Jatropha curcas Seeds Oil (RSOME & JSOME)

Abstract—The Paphia undulata shell, which is available in abundance, has no any further processing for value-added materials and is commonly discarded as solid waste, was used as solid catalyst in a transesterification reaction to synthesize biodiesel from Rubber and Jatropha curcas seeds oil (RSOME and JSOME). The biodiesel non-vegetable oil feedstock and catalyst were prepared, characterized, activated and analyzed using GC, FESEM, BET, DTA-TGA, XRF and FTIR analysis. The activated Paphia undulata shells waste (APSW) had a maximum surface area of 2.1290 m 2/g, diameters of 17- 3000 Å, pores adsorption and desorption cumulative volume were 0.006841cm 3/g and 0.006928cm 3/g with the pores size of 312.527 Å, and it reflected the composition of 83.99 – 86.25 % calcium oxide, etc. The resulted Rubber and Jatropha seeds oil biodiesel yields of 75.93% and 93.33% were found by the methanol/oil ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 4 wt.%, temperature of 60oC and reaction time of 3 hours. The synthesized biodiesels were approved by GC-MS, and its properties fulfills the limitation of specification described by ASTM D6751

Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Quercus infectoria galls using supercritical CO2extraction technique and its comparison with Soxhlet extraction

Quercus infectoria gall, which is known as manjakani in Malaysia, was traditionally used in treating diseases. The bioactive compounds from the galls can be extracted using various extraction methods. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was used to study the effects of CO2 flow rate on the yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Q. infectoria extract by fixing the pressure and temperature at the highest density (P: 30 MPa, T: 40°C). The results were compared with those acquired from the Soxhlet extraction method. The results showed that the Soxhlet extraction had a higher percentage of extraction yield than SC-CO2 extraction. The selectivity of Q. infectoria extracts using SC-CO2 extraction was better than the Soxhlet extraction method. Meanwhile, the extraction efficiency using the SC-CO2 extraction ranged from 46% to 53%. The SC-CO2 extraction also yielded higher total phenolic content than using the Soxhlet extraction method when 2 mL/min of CO2 flow rate was applied (203.53 mg GA/g sample). This study also revealed that the extracts from the SC-CO2 extraction showed a better radical scavenging activity compared to the Soxhlet extraction when analysed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity assays