Manuel de la Flor y el retrato fotográfico en el Tabasco porfirista

Based on an analysis of newspapers and the iconographic scrutiny of a series of photographs, this article discusses the photography portrait market in Tabasco during the Porfirian period. It reviews the numerous portrait artists who worked between 1880 and 1910, and reexamines the role of Manuel de la Flor, considered a famous portrait artist with a degree of hegemony in the market. Yet, De la Flor was concerned with competitors and adapted his strategies in order to keep control of the photography portrait market. Tabasco’s production and consumption dynamics were complex, given that the public had portraits done with different photographers who are still barely known.  A partir del análisis de fuentes hemerográficas y del estudio de una serie de fotografías con métodos emanados de la historia cultural y la historia de la fotografía, en este texto se discute el mercado del retrato fotográfico de Tabasco durante el porfiriato. Se demuestra la existencia de numerosos retratistas durante el período de 1880 a 1910 y se replantea el papel de Manuel de la Flor, considerado por la historiografía como un retratista célebre con cierta hegemonía en el mercado. Sin embargo, De la Flor se preocupó por la competencia y adaptó estrategias para intentar, en vano, mantener el control del mercado del retrato fotográfico. Aun siendo una plaza pequeña, Tabasco tuvo dinámicas de producción y consumo complejas, pues el público se retrató con distintos fotógrafos que apenas empezamos a conocer. Además de aportar a la historia de la fotografía, los hallazgos aquí reportados contribuyen al estudio de la historia cultural y la historia de la vida cotidiana de Tabasco, que hasta ahora han recibido poca atención

Exploring Data Provenance in Handwritten Text Recognition Infrastructure: Sharing and Reusing Ground Truth Data, Referencing Models, and Acknowledging Contributions. Starting the Conversation on How We Could Get It Done

This paper discusses best practices for sharing and reusing Ground Truth in Handwritten Text Recognition infrastructures, as well as ways to reference and acknowledge contributions to the creation and enrichment of data within these systems. We discuss how one can place Ground Truth data in a repository and, subsequently, inform others through HTR-United. Furthermore, we want to suggest appropriate citation methods for ATR data, models, and contributions made by volunteers. Moreover, when using digitised sources (digital facsimiles), it becomes increasingly important to distinguish between the physical object and the digital collection. These topics all relate to the proper acknowledgement of labour put into digitising, transcribing, and sharing Ground Truth HTR data. This also points to broader issues surrounding the use of machine learning in archival and library contexts, and how the community should begin to acknowledge and record both contributions and data provenance

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Los procesos de formación ciudadana en las instituciones educativas técnica Miraflores y Telepalmeritas

El presente artículo es una aproximación crítica etnográfica a dos instituciones educativas del departamento de Boyacá de carácter estatal, buscando identificar proyectos estrategias y actividades desarrolladas dentro de los escenarios educativos que afectan los procesos pedagógicos que contribuyen con la formación ciudadana y el desarrollo de conciencia ciudadana, estableciendo relaciones conceptuales entre formación ciudadana, ciudadanía y el papel de las instituciones educativas en los procesos de formación ciudadana. Relaciones que nos permitieron establecer propuestas alternativas que sugieren la potenciación de las Instituciones educativas como formadoras de ciudadanos y ciudadanas críticas y participativas en el contexto local y global.This article is a critical ethnographic approach to the two educational institutions of Boyacá department at the state level. It is seeking to identify strategies and projects and activities within educational settings that affect educational processes that contribute to citizenship education and the development of public awareness, establishing conceptual relations between citizenship education, citizenship and the role of educational institutions in civic education processes. It Allowed us to establish relationships that suggest alternative proposals empowering educational institutions as forming citizens and participatory reviews in the local and global context

Overexpression of rhoptry kinase alters the length of Eimeria tenella life cycle

International audienceEimeria tenella is a deadly and contagious apicomplexan protozoan parasite, which is responsible for avian coccidiosis. This pathology induces major economic losses for poultry industry worldwide. E. tenella invades the digestive epithelial cells, causing intestinal lesions that can lead to death. Coccidiostatic drugs and vaccination are necessary to control coccidiosis. However, with the apparition of resistance against anticoccidian molecules in parasite field strains and the high cost of vaccines, it appears necessary to improve the means of control of this parasite. Our research is focused on the understanding of E. tenella rhoptry protein kinase (ROPK) functions. It is well known that invasion of apicomplexan parasite is orchestrated by protein secretion. Among the proteins secreted, ROPKs are well described in Toxoplasma gondii as key virulence factors. ROPKs are involved in the modulation of numerous cellular functions andpathways allowing parasite development. The knowledge about the functions of E. tenella ROPK is limited. E. tenella kinome is predicted to contain 28 putative ROP kinases. Among them, two predicted kinases were identified in the rhoptry proteome of E. tenella sporozoites. In this context, our research is focused onunderstanding the mode of action of E. tenella ROPK. We previously established that the first kinase, EtROP1, is active and phosphorylates the cellular p53, inhibiting the apoptosis of parasited cells and thus promoting the parasite development. The second kinase, EtROP2, is an active kinase localized in the rhoptry compartment and is early expressed during the parasite life cycle. Interestingly, we show that the overexpression of EtROP2 could speed up the parasitic lifecycle, favoring the excretion of oocysts 1-2 days earlier than a wild-type strain. Understanding the role of EtROP2 in the host-parasite interaction may reveal this kinase as a good candidate in the race of improvement of the means of control for coccidiosis

Effects of aerial applications of the herbicide, glyphosate and insecticides on human health

Introducción. El Programa de Erradicación de Cultivos Ilícitos con Glifosato se ejecuta dando cumplimiento a lo establecido en el Plan de Manejo Ambiental.Objetivo. Explorar los posibles efectos del glifosato y otros plaguicidas sobre la salud humana como resultado de las aspersiones aéreas.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 112 individuos procedentes de las áreas asperjadas de los departamentos de Huila, Tolima, Putumayo, Guaviare, Santander, Antioquia, Magdalena y La Guajira, durante 2005 y 2006. Se aplicó una encuesta y se recolectaron muestras de orina para la determinación de glifosato, y de sangre, para la determinación de acetilcolinesterasa y organoclorados. Se llevó a cabo un análisis simple y se exploraron las posibles asociaciones.esultados. El 50,0% (56 individuos) de la población manifestó el uso de plaguicidas en su trabajo. El tiempo que llevaban utilizando los plaguicidas fue de 84,8 meses y refirieron aplicar plaguicidas 5,6 horas al día. El predominio de los plaguicidas usados fue extremadamente tóxico. De 39,6% de los individuos a quienes se les cuantificó glifosato, 64,3% reportaron su uso en actividades agrícolas. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de glifosato terrestre (manual) y los niveles de este herbicida en orina (OR=2,54; IC95% 1,08-6,08).Conclusión. No hubo hallazgos concluyentes entre la exposición a glifosato empleado en la erradicación de cultivos ilícitos y los efectos en la salud, debido a que se halló exposición ocupacional concomitante por la misma sustancia y por otras de mayor toxicidad que el glifosato.Introduction. The herbicide glyphosate is administered aerially by the Program to Eradicate Illicit Crops Program and is undertaken in rigorous compliance with the Environmental Management Plan.Objective. The effects of the glyphosate herbicide and other aerially applied insecticides were measured to determine possible impact on human health.Materials and methods. In 2006-2006, a survey was taken of 112 individuals living in herbicide-treated areas of the Colombian provinces of Huila, Tolima, Putumayo, Guaviare, Santander, Antioquia, Magdalena and La Guajira. Samples of blood were examined for presence of acetylcholinesterase and organochlorine insecticides; urine was analyzed for glyphosate and its metabolites.Results. Fifty percent (50%) of the individuals sampled acknowledged the use of control chemicals as part of their work. The mean exposure time to the chemicals was 84.4 months, with a mean daily exposure of 5.6 hours. The most commonly used pesticides were of category I--extremely hazardous. In individuals sampled for glyphosate (39.6% of the total), 64.3% indicated the use of this herbicide at ground level in agricultural work. A statistically significative relationship was found between the use of glyphosate at ground level, and the concentration levels of glyphosate in the urine samples (odds ratio=2.54, 95% CI: 1.08 to 6.8).Conclusion. These data did not show a relationship between the aerial sprayings of glyphosate for illicit crops eradication and an impact on human health, nor with occupational exposure to this and other chemicals (insecticides) with a high levels of toxicity