A doubled down invasion of the northeast Pacific by the Asian mud shrimp, Upogebia major and its coevolved bopyrid isopod parasite, Orthione griffenis

Dramatic declines of the native northeast Pacific mud shrimp, Upogebia pugettensis over the last three decades have occurred in response to intense infestations by the Asian bopyrid isopod parasite, Orthione griffenis, that was introduced in the 1980s. We report herein the arrival of the Asian mud shrimp, Upogebia major, in San Francisco Bay no later than 2006. Complications of identifying juvenile U. major and inefficiencies of collecting mature and readily identified specimens recovered by conventional sampling devices are likely to have delayed its identification and discovery. U. major is less vulnerable to O. griffenis and is displacing or replacing U. pugettensis in its present 200 km range to the north and south of San Francisco Bay. Upogebia major, as a coevolved alternative host, assures persistence of O. griffenis in this region even where native species extinctions occur and can potentially expand to all habitats that are presently invaded by O. griffenis (Alaska to Baja California Norte). The individual and combined O. griffenis and U. major invasions thus threaten U. pugettensis in particular and all other native Upogebia species occurring north of Mexico. Our review of Upogebia taxonomy for a key to species revealed a previously reported 1912 invasion of San Francisco Bay by Upogebia affinis that was in error; hence, the introduction of U. major is the first confirmed gebiid invasion in the world. Greater resolution of U. major natural history and timing of its invasion is needed to test whether it evaded present vector management efforts. Intervention is warranted to limit the doubled down U. major and O. griffenis invasion and to conserve U. pugettensis and other native Upogebia species from ecological or absolute extinction in the coming decades.</p

A doubled down invasion of the northeast Pacific by the Asian mud shrimp, Upogebia major and its coevolved bopyrid isopod parasite, Orthione griffenis

Dramatic declines of the native northeast Pacific mud shrimp, Upogebia pugettensis over the last three decades have occurred in response to intense infestations by the Asian bopyrid isopod parasite, Orthione griffenis, that was introduced in the 1980s. We report herein the arrival of the Asian mud shrimp, Upogebia major, in San Francisco Bay no later than 2006. Complications of identifying juvenile U. major and inefficiencies of collecting mature and readily identified specimens recovered by conventional sampling devices are likely to have delayed its identification and discovery. U. major is less vulnerable to O. griffenis and is displacing or replacing U. pugettensis in its present 200 km range to the north and south of San Francisco Bay. Upogebia major, as a coevolved alternative host, assures persistence of O. griffenis in this region even where native species extinctions occur and can potentially expand to all habitats that are presently invaded by O. griffenis (Alaska to Baja California Norte). The individual and combined O. griffenis and U. major invasions thus threaten U. pugettensis in particular and all other native Upogebia species occurring north of Mexico. Our review of Upogebia taxonomy for a key to species revealed a previously reported 1912 invasion of San Francisco Bay by Upogebia affinis that was in error; hence, the introduction of U. major is the first confirmed gebiid invasion in the world. Greater resolution of U. major natural history and timing of its invasion is needed to test whether it evaded present vector management efforts. Intervention is warranted to limit the doubled down U. major and O. griffenis invasion and to conserve U. pugettensis and other native Upogebia species from ecological or absolute extinction in the coming decades.Key words: California, vectors, Decapoda, estuary, taxonomy, conservation, extinctio

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

The German and US-American discourse on the recognition of Croatia

Titelblatt und Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\. Einleitung 2\. Theoretische Rahmung, Fragestellung und Verortung 21 2.1 Theoretische Rahmung 22 2.1.1 Pragmatismus: Das nichtrepräsentative Sprachverständnis 22 2.1.2 Pragmatismus und Erkenntnis 34 2.1.3 Terminologische Anmerkungen 37 2.2 Fragestellung und Vorgehen 40 2.3 Pragmatismus in den Internationalen Beziehungen 48 3\. Der Zerfall Jugoslawiens und der Weg zur Anerkennung 56 4\. Sinn und Widersinn der Anerkennung Kroatiens 73 4.1 Die Anerkennungsdiskurse in Deutschland und den USA 75 4.1.1 Meinungsbildung in Deutschland 75 4.1.2 Meinungsbildung in den USA 84 4.1.3 Zusammenfassung 92 4.2 Situationsdeutungen 94 4.2.1 Rahmenerzählungen 95 4.2.2 Völker als homogene Akteure 103 4.2.3 Episoden des Jugoslawienkonflikts: Herrschaftswilleund Unvernunft 116 4.2.4 Kulturelle Grenzziehung: Wir und die Anderen 127 4.3 Rechtfertigungszusammenhänge der Anerkennung/Nicht-Anerkennung 136 4.3.1 Rechtfertigungszusammenhang »Nationalitätenkonflikt« 139 4.3.2 Rechtfertigungszusammenhang »Selbstbestimmungsrecht« 160 4.3.3 Rechtfertigungszusammenhang »Angriffskrieg« 179 4.4 Alternative Sichtweisen 201 4.5 Fazit: Sprache und Handeln 212 4.5.1 Narrative Grundstruktur und Anerkennung 214 4.5.2 Die Reduzierung von Komplexität 220 4.5.3 Die Anrufung von Normen 226 4.5.4 Die eine »Wirklichkeit«: ein unlesbarer Wegweiserdes Handelns 229 5 Zum Nutzen eines pragmatischen Blickes 234 Anmerkungen 238 Literatur 287Am Beispiel der Auseinandersetzungen um die diplomatische Anerkennung Kroatiens zeichnet der Autor nach, wie die Handlungslogik politischer Akteure von ihren Beschreibungen, Erzählungen und den damit einhergehenden Deutungen abhängt. Sprache wird hier nicht als ein Instrument angesehen, mit dem eine vorhandene Wirklichkeit mehr oder weniger richtig erfasst werden kann. Sprache gleicht eher einem Pinsel, mit dem sich Akteure ihre Wirklichkeit malen, indem sie Ereignisse in Jugoslawien benennen, in Zusammenhänge stellen und sie auf diese Weise mit Bedeutung versehen. Sprache ist somit die Grundlage des Handelns. Die Schlussfolgerungen aus einem solchen Sprachverständnis sind weitreichend: Sinnvoll ist nicht länger die Frage, wer über eine den vermeintlichen Tatsachen entsprechende Auslegung des Jugoslawienkonfliktes verfügt. Politisch relevant ist allein, welche Worte welche Handlungen nach sich ziehen, und ob diese beispielsweise zu einem friedlichen Zusammenleben führen.The author examines the logic of political action considering as example the discourse on the diplomatic recognition of Croatia. He demonstrates how political action is dependent on descriptions, narratives and the resulting interpretations. Language is not regarded as a tool which enables us to mirror a given reality more or less accurately. Language is regarded as a sort of brush with which actors paint their reality. Actors describe events by using certain concepts. By doing so they put these events in context, with other words, they attribute a certain meaning to these events. Thus language becomes the basis for action. The conclusion of such an understanding of language is far reaching: it no longer makes sense to ask, who brings forward the most adequate interpretation of the Yugoslav conflict. Solely politically relevant is the question which words induce which actions and for example whether these actions lead to a more peaceful coexistence of humans. This conclusion can be regarded as "pragmatic". It reflects the theoretical approach of this book, which is based on pragmatism as seen by Richard Rorty

Pathways to Sustainable living in times of crisis

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Case Study Report. D3.2 Empirical Report

Grant Agreement number: 265191info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe