Conjoint Therapy for Intimate Partner Violence Among Aboriginal Couples: Service Provider\u27s Perspectives on Therapeutic Content and Activities

The purpose of the study was to identify characteristics of a conjoint therapy program for Intimate Partner Violence with Aboriginal couples. Participation in telephone interviews by professionals in a Canadian province included two questions: How would you address content with Aboriginal men in couple counselling who use abusive behaviour toward their intimate partner? and How would you address activities with Aboriginal men in couple counselling who use abusive behaviour toward their intimate partner?” The results were analyzed using a structured conceptualization procedure called Concept Mapping. Six concepts emerged in response to the first question including: 1) Cultural, 2) Western, 3) Traditional Ways, 4) What a Healthy Relationship Is (and Is Not), 5) Men’s Self Responsibility and 6) Accountability to Family and Community. Three concepts emerged in response to the second question including: 1) Working with Community, 2) Teaching and Learning and 3) Traditional Ways. The results were compared and contrasted with the literature

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography and Radiography in Detection of Pulmonary Contusion; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Ultrasonography is currently being used as one of the diagnostic modalities in various medical emergencies for screening of trauma patients. The diagnostic value of this modality in detection of traumatic chest injuries has been evaluated by several studies but its diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of pulmonary contusion is a matter of discussion. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and radiography in detection of pulmonary contusion through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: An extended systematic search was performed by two reviewers in databases of Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. They extracted the data and assessed the quality of the studies. After summarization of data into true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative meta-analysis was carried out via a mixed-effects binary regression model. Further subgroup analysis was performed due to a significant heterogeneity between the studies. Results: 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis (1681 chest trauma patients, 76% male). Pooled sensitivity of ultrasonography in detection of pulmonary contusion was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.81-0.96; I2= 95.81, p<0.001) and its pooled specificity was calculated to be 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85-0.93; I2 = 67.29, p<0.001) while these figures for chest radiography were 0.44 (95% CI: 0.32-0.58; I2= 87.52, p<0.001) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.88-1.0; I2= 95.22, p<0.001), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the sources of heterogeneity between the studies were sampling method, operator, frequency of the transducer, and sample size. Conclusion: Ultrasonography was found to be a better screening tool in detection of pulmonary contusion. Moreover, an ultrasonography performed by a radiologist / intensivist with 1-5MHz probe has a higher diagnostic value in identifying pulmonary contusions

In vivo antioksidativni potencijal biljke Teucrium polium u usporedbi s α-tokoferolom

The present study was undertaken to explore antioxidant potential of Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) in vivo. Antioxidant activity was measured by three tests including inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, total antioxidant power (TAP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum. Rats received dry extract of T. polium in 80% ethanol by intragastric intubation at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 daily for 14 days. Treatment of rats with T. polium extract showed significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH test as compared to the control. T. polium extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg kg-1 significantly increased rats\u27 TAP and decreased TBARS compared to the control. Administration of T. polium at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 per day did not significantly alter serum TAP and TBARS. Antioxidant activities of T. polium at doses of 50 and 100 mg kg-1 were comparable to that of -tocopherol (10 mg kg-1) in all experiments.U okviru ovih istraživanja ispitan je antioksidativni potencijal biljke Teucrium polium L. Lamiaceae in vivo. Antioksidativni učinak je mjeren pomoću tri testa koji uključuju inhibiciju 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) radikala, ukupnu antioksidativnu snagu (TAP) i reaktivne supstancije tiobarbiturne kiseline (TBARS) u serumu. Štakorima je davan suhi ekstrakt T. polium u 80%-tnom etanolu intragastričnom intubacijom u dozama od 50, 100 i 200 mg kg-1 dnevno tijekom 14 dana. Pokusi su pokazali značajno antioksidativno djelovanje T. polium DPPH testom u usporedbi s kontrolom. T. polium je u dozama 50 i 100 mg kg-1 značajno povisio TAP i snizio TBARS u usporedbi s kontrolom. Primjena ekstrakta T. polium u dozi od 200 mg kg-1 dnevno nije značajno mijenjala serumske TAP i TBARS vrijednosti. Antioksidativni učinak T. polium u dozama 50 i 100 mg kg-1 u svim eksperimentima bio je sličan učincima α-tokoferola (10 mg kg-1). Preliminarna ispitivanja ukazuje na antistresni učinak T. polium koji je usporediv antioksidativnom učinku. Međutim, potrebna su daljnja ispitivanja da se rasvijetli bi li T. polium mogla biti korisna u uklanjanju posljedica oksidativnog stresa

The Yin and Yang of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Use for Oral and Periodontal Health: A Literature Review

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant, which has a wide range of usage in the health sector and in dental pharmaceutical products, especially in toothpastes. The objective of this review was to investigate the effects of SLS containing dentifrices on oral and periodontal health, possible side effects, and its benefits. A thorough literature search was done using databases of PubMed and Google Scholar and finally, 40 articles were included in the study. This narrative review revealed the sources of discrepancy and conflicting results regarding the impact of SLS on oral cavity as well as a lack of sufficient evidence in most topics. Hence, the evidence suggests improved drug bioavailability when used as a solubilizer, improved plaque control, and reduction in bad breath. On the other hand, SLS can serve as a risk indicator of prolonged oral wound healing time, recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Self-efficacy and resilience as predictors of students' academic motivation in online education.

Motivation as a catalyst for human conduct has been associated with lots of variables. However, self-efficacy and resilience as two important components of the individuals' psychological capital have not received enough scientific attention. This gets more significance considering the global COVID-19 pandemic with noticeable psychological consequences for the learners receiving online education. Hence, the current study proceeded to investigate the relationship between students' self-efficacy, resilience, and academic motivation in online education. To this aim, a convenience sample of 120 university students coming from two state universities in south of Iran participated in an online survey. The questionnaires used in the survey included the self-efficacy questionnaire, resilience questionnaire, and academic motivation questionnaire. Pearson correlation and multiple regression statistical methods were applied to analyze the obtained data. The results pointed to a positive relationship between self-efficacy and academic motivation. In addition, those with a higher degree of resilience were found to experience higher academic motivation. Moreover, the results of multiple regression test revealed that self-efficacy and resilience can significantly predict the academic motivation of the students involved in an online mode of education. The research proposes a number of recommendations for developing the learners' level of self-efficacy and resilience through enacting various pedagogical interventions. In this way, a heightened level of academic motivation would enhance EFL learners' learning rate

The effectiveness of attachment based intervention using video feedback method on decreasing negative representations and separation anxiety of children

Background: With regard to the importance of attachment in developing separation anxiety, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attachment based intervention via video feedback on decreasing negative representations and separation anxiety problems in preschool children. Materials and Method: The research method was semi experimental with pretest-posttest and follow up. For this, 21 mother-child dyads (11 dyads in experimental and 10 dyads in control group) were selected from 2 child counseling centers based on including criteria. The experimental group received 8 to 10 individual attachment based intervention sessions and the control group received the other relation based intervention for comparison of their effectiveness. The participants were assessed using maternal behavior Q-SORT, MacArthur story stems and child psychopathological symptoms inventory in pretest, post-test and 3 months interval follow up. Results: The findings revealed the effectiveness of attachment-based intervention on increasing maternal sensitivity, decreasing negative representations of child and also separation anxiety symptoms in children of experimental group. The mean scores of experimental group in comparison to witness group have significantly decreased in all variables. Conclusion: Considering this results, it seems attachment-based intervention could increas maternal sensitivity and this change with decreasing negative representation of child via recovering interactions have a positive effect on decreasing separation anxiety problems of children

Comparative study of marital satisfaction between mothers with one visually impaired child, mothers with more than one visually impaired children and mothers with normal children

The aim of the present study was to comparing marital satisfaction between mothers with one visually impaired child, mothers with more than one visually impaired children and mothers with normal children. The present research was a causal-comparative research and the target population of this study was mothers of normal children and mothers with visually impaired children in Tehran and Karaj in the academic year of 1395-96 in 537 individuals. The sampling method was simple random sampling. The sample size was obtained using the Cochran formula, 224 people (120 mothers with one visually impaired child, 104 mothers with more than one visually impaired children and 120 mothers with normal children). The instruments of this study were Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (AMSS). Analyzing of data is performed using Multivariable Analyze of Variance (MANOVA). The results showed that there were significant differences in marital satisfaction between the three groups (p< .01). Also, the results showed that there were significant differences in Marital Satisfaction Subscales between the three groups (p< .01). On this basis, we can conclude that there were significant differences in Marital Satisfaction between the three groups and Researchers can provide a field of psychological interventions

Evaluation of periodontal condition in intruded molars using miniscrews

Introduction: The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the periodontal condition of intruded molars in various phases of treatments. Methods: 30 patients with at least one overerupted upper first molar were selected. Upper molar bands with brackets were cemented. Two miniscrews were placed in the mesiopalatal and mesiobuccal aspect of the aforementioned teeth. A titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) spring was attached to the head of miniscrew in one end and ligated to the bracket in the other end to reach the predetermined force. Plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), keratinized gingiva (KG), The distance between miniscrew (M.S) and gingival level (GL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded before loading and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months post-loading .Results:  All patients completed the study and no complications were reported. Statistically significant intrusion (2.1 ± 0.9 mm) was obtained during active treatment. Inserting miniscrews generally was presented with greater sulcus bleeding, plaque accumulation and plaque formation at follow-up visits. There was a statistically significant increase in PI, PPD and BOP indices. Furthermore, the results showed decrease in KG level and M.S to GL level. Conclusion: Miniscrews can provide a clinical benefit as an absolute anchorage device. However, keeping a good oral hygiene is essential to achieve ideal results, because the presence of miniscrews, as a foreign object in mouth, and intrusion force might be harmful for periodontal tissue