Nematodos de la subfamilia Criconematinae (Nematoda: Criconematidae) en la España peninsular

Se realiza un estudio de las caracteristicas morfológicas y morfométricas de los nematodos de la subfamilia Criconematinae encontrados en España peninsular, se describen machos de Seriespinula allieri y se incluye una clave para la identificación de las especies encontradas.Se han encontrado trece especies pertenecientes a los géneros Criconema, Croserinema, Crossonema, Ogma y Seriespinula. Las especies de la subfamilia Criconematinae aparecen con mayor frecuencia en los ecosistemas naturales que en los cultivos. Crossonema menzeli sólo se ha encontrado en hayedos, C. multisquamatum aparece en cítricos y Criconema mutabile en cultivos horticolas del sur peninsular y en frutales en la mitad norte peninsular.A morphological and morphometrical study of the nematodes from subfamily Criconematinae in Peninsular Spain is carried out, male of Seriespinula allieri is reported and a key for identification of species found is provided. Thirteen species have been found belonging to the genera Criconema, Croserinema, Crossonema, Ogma and Seriespinula. The species of Criconematinae appear mostly in natural ecosistems. Crossonema menzeli has been found only in beech forests, C. multisquamatum in citrus orchards and Criconema mutabile in vegetables crops in Southern Spain and in fruit orchards in the half Northern of Spain

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Nematodos de la subfamilia Criconematinae (Nematoda: Criconematidae) en la España peninsular

Se realiza un estudio de las caracteristicas morfológicas y morfométricas de los nematodos de la subfamilia Criconematinae encontrados en España peninsular, se describen machos de Seriespinula allieri y se incluye una clave para la identificación de las especies encontradas.Se han encontrado trece especies pertenecientes a los géneros Criconema, Croserinema, Crossonema, Ogma y Seriespinula. Las especies de la subfamilia Criconematinae aparecen con mayor frecuencia en los ecosistemas naturales que en los cultivos. Crossonema menzeli sólo se ha encontrado en hayedos, C. multisquamatum aparece en cítricos y Criconema mutabile en cultivos horticolas del sur peninsular y en frutales en la mitad norte peninsular.A morphological and morphometrical study of the nematodes from subfamily Criconematinae in Peninsular Spain is carried out, male of Seriespinula allieri is reported and a key for identification of species found is provided. Thirteen species have been found belonging to the genera Criconema, Croserinema, Crossonema, Ogma and Seriespinula. The species of Criconematinae appear mostly in natural ecosistems. Crossonema menzeli has been found only in beech forests, C. multisquamatum in citrus orchards and Criconema mutabile in vegetables crops in Southern Spain and in fruit orchards in the half Northern of Spain

Identificación de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares en huertos de aguacate de Uruapan, Michoacán

La actividad agrícola más importante en Michoacán es el aguacate que representa ingresos de $30 265 787.40 pesos anuales. El cultivo es extensivo y se basa en prácticas agrícolas convencionales que afectan las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diversidad de especies de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) en huertos de aguacate. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo en huertos durante la estación de lluvias (agosto de 2016). Las muestras de suelo (tres submuestras por huerto) se tomaron desde el horizonte superior hasta 30 cm de profundidad. En el laboratorio, las esporas se aislaron a partir de muestras de suelo seco y se identificaron morfológicamente. Se registraron y describieron 15 morfo especies de HMA clasificadas en ocho géneros y cuatro familias. El 78.5$30 265 787.40 pesos per year. The crop is extensive and based on conventional agricultural practices that affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in avocado orchards. Soil samples were collected in avocado orchards during the rainy season (August 2016). Soil samples (three subsamples per orchard) were taken from the upper horizon to 30 cm deep. In the laboratory, the spores were isolated from dry soil samples and morphologically identified. 15 morphic species AMF classified into eight genera and four families were recorded and described. 78.5% of the species belong to the families Glomeraceae and Diversisporaceae; the rest to Claroideoglomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae; the species Sclerocystis sinuosa, S. rubiformis, Funneliformis geosporum, F. mosseae, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca and Entrophospora infrequens, previously reported in avocado cultures, were identified, while Glomus citrícola, G. macrocarpum, Septoglomus constrictum and Claroideoglomus claroideum, were identified. report for the first time in avocado. The presence of D. aurantia and Tricispora nevadensis is recorded for the first time in Mexico. Therefore, currently there is a great diversity of AMF in avocado orchards of Uruapan that must be conserved