56 research outputs found
Avaliação da composição corporal de jogadores de futebol sub-20 da cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais
Introduction: Football depends on several variables to be performed at its highest
performance, among these variables, one of the most important is body composition, as
it is related to the athlete's physical capacity and sports performance, which can influence
the team's results. Objective: To evaluate the body composition of young soccer athletes,
in an under-20 team. Methodology: Sixteen soccer players from a sub-20 team, aged 18
to 20 years, were evaluated. Weight and height were measured; in addition, they
performed the electrical bioimpedance test to assess the parameters of body composition,
mainly muscle mass and fat percentage. From the muscle mass, the muscle mass index
(BMI) was calculated, dividing the total muscle mass by height in meters squared. Result:
Most athletes were above the ideal fat percentage (n = 12), however, most individuals had
values close to the ideal, which may have been a variation of the body composition
assessment method itself. We observed that 4 individuals had an adequate percentage of
fat. Regarding the IMM, the average values were within the normal range (10.9 ± 0.6 kg
/ m2), with only 4 athletes having little muscle mass. Conclusion: Almost all athletes had
muscle mass within the normal range, while the majority had values above the adequate
percentage of fat. These results show that future nutritional interventions should be
carried out in these athletes, focusing mainly on reducing the percentage of fat.Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Introdução: O futebol depende de diversas variáveis para ser realizado no seu mais alto
rendimento, entre essas variáveis, uma das mais importantes é a composição corporal,
pois está relacionada com a capacidade física e desempenho esportivo do atleta, podendo
influenciar nos resultados da equipe. Objetivo: Avaliar a composição corporal de jovens
atletas de futebol, em uma equipe sub-20. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 16 atletas de
futebol de campo de uma equipe sub-20, com idade de 18 a 20 anos. Foram mensurados
peso e estatura; além disso, fizeram o exame de bioimpedância elétrica para avaliar os
parâmetros de composição corporal, principalmente massa muscular e percentual de
gordura. A partir da massa muscular, foi calculado o índice de massa muscular (IMM),
dividindo a massa muscular total pela altura em metros ao quadrado. Resultado: A
maioria dos atletas estava acima do percentual de gordura ideal (n= 12), entretanto, a
maior parte dos indivíduos apresentava valores próximos ao ideal, o que pode ter sido
uma variação do próprio método de avaliação da composição corporal. Observamos que
4 indivíduos apresentavam percentual de gordura adequado. Em relação ao IMM, os
valores médios estavam dentro da normalidade (10,9 ± 0,6 kg/m2
), sendo que apenas 4
atletas apresentavam pouca massa muscular. Conclusão: Quase todos os atletas
apresentaram massa muscular dentro da normalidade, enquanto que a maioria apresentou
valores acima do adequado de percentual de gordura. Estes resultados mostram que
devem ser realizadas futuras intervenções nutricionais nestes atletas, focando
principalmente na redução do percentual de gordura
Nanocellulose toxicity in vitro models: contributing to its safety assessment to human health
As nanoceluloses são nanomateriais inovadores com potencial para uma
vasta gama de aplicações industriais e biomédicas. No entanto, a expansão da sua produção tem vindo a suscitar preocupações quanto aos possíveis efeitos, a longo prazo, na saúde humana. Este estudo teve como
objetivo avaliar a segurança de algumas nanoceluloses produzidas a partir de matéria-prima nacional, através da caracterização da sua potencial
toxicidade em células de mamífero. Para tal, testaram-se duas celuloses
nano /microfibrilares (CNF e CMF ) e uma celulose nanocristalina (CNC).
Analisou-se a citotoxicidade usando ensaios colorimétricos e o ensaio
clonogénico, e a genotoxicidade pelo ensaio do micronúcleo in vitro em
células pulmonares de mamífero (A549 e V79 ) e em osteoblastos humanos ( MG-63 ). A indução de espécies reativas de oxigénio (ROS) e a internalização celular foram também estudadas nas células A549. Observou-
-se citotoxicidade no ensaio clonogénico, principalmente no caso da
CNC, mas não nos restantes ensaios, não havendo também indução de
ROS. Todas as nanoceluloses revelaram efeitos genotóxicos nalgumas
concentrações, uma vez que induziram micronúcleos e /ou pontes nucleoplásmicas num dos modelos celulares. Para além disso, visualizou-se
a internalização da CNF e CMF, mas não da CNC, em células A549. Esta
primeira avaliação toxicológica veio contribuir para prevenir a exposição
a materiais celulósicos potencialmente perigosos, procurando impulsionar o desenvolvimento de materiais inovadores e mais seguros.Nanocelluloses are innovative nanomaterials with potential for a wide
range of industrial and biomedical applications. However, the expansion
of its production has raised concerns about their possible long-term effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of various
nanocelluloses through the characterization of their potential toxicity
in mammalian cells. Two samples of nano/microfibrillar celluloses with
different pre-treatments (CNF and CMF) and a nanocrystalline cellulose
(CNC) were tested. The cytotoxicity of the nanocelluloses was analyzed
using colorimetric assays and the clonogenic assay, and genotoxicity by the in vitro micronucleus assay in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549),
human osteoblasts (MG-63) and Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V79).
Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular internalization
were also studied in A549 cells. Cytotoxicity was observed through the
clonogenic assay, mainly in the case of CNC, but not in the remaining
assays, with no induction of ROS. All nanocelluloses, at some of the
concentrations tested, induced micronuclei and/or nucleoplasmic bridges in one of the cellular models. Furthermore, the internalization of CNF
and CMF, but not of CNC was visualized in A549 cells. These results aim
to contribute to preventing exposure to potentially hazardous cellulosic
materials, seeking to boost the development of innovative and safer
materials.Projeto ToxApp4NanoCELFI – Uma abordagem de toxicologia
preditiva para a caracterização dos potenciais efeitos respiratórios de fibras de nanocelulose funcionalizadas num sistema de co-cultura (PTDC/SAU-PUB/32587/2017).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Integrative Analysis Reveals a Molecular Stratification of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Objective
Clinical heterogeneity, a hallmark of systemic autoimmune diseases, impedes early diagnosis and effective treatment, issues that may be addressed if patients could be classified into groups defined by molecular pattern. This study was undertaken to identify molecular clusters for reclassifying systemic autoimmune diseases independently of clinical diagnosis.
Methods
Unsupervised clustering of integrated whole blood transcriptome and methylome cross-sectional data on 955 patients with 7 systemic autoimmune diseases and 267 healthy controls was undertaken. In addition, an inception cohort was prospectively followed up for 6 or 14 months to validate the results and analyze whether or not cluster assignment changed over time.
Results
Four clusters were identified and validated. Three were pathologic, representing “inflammatory,” “lymphoid,” and “interferon” patterns. Each included all diagnoses and was defined by genetic, clinical, serologic, and cellular features. A fourth cluster with no specific molecular pattern was associated with low disease activity and included healthy controls. A longitudinal and independent inception cohort showed a relapse–remission pattern, where patients remained in their pathologic cluster, moving only to the healthy one, thus showing that the molecular clusters remained stable over time and that single pathogenic molecular signatures characterized each individual patient.
Conclusion
Patients with systemic autoimmune diseases can be jointly stratified into 3 stable disease clusters with specific molecular patterns differentiating different molecular disease mechanisms. These results have important implications for future clinical trials and the study of nonresponse to therapy, marking a paradigm shift in our view of systemic autoimmune diseases
Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences
The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported
by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on
18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based
researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016
Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We
estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from
1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and
weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children
and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the
individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference)
and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median).
Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in
11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed
changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and
140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of
underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and
countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior
probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse
was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of
thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a
posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%)
with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and
obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for
both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such
as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged
children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls
in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and
42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents,
the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining
underweight or thinness.
Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an
increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy
nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of
underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit
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