Utilizing UAS to Support Wildlife Hazard Management Efforts by Airport Operators

Wildlife strikes to aviation are a serious economic and safety concern. The purpose of our study is to investigate the implementation of the Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) technologies into the airport environment as a tool to identify hazardous wildlife and their habitats. A Qualified Airport Wildlife Biologist (QAWB) can use data collected using the UAS while completing a Wildlife Hazard Assessments (WHA). A WHA provides the empirical framework for the development of an effective Wildlife Hazard Management Plan by the airport operator. A QAWB has helped our team with the development of new data collection methods as well as the identification of species throughout our entire project. Our team has used the DJI Matrice 210 with a Zenmuse X5S camera to collect data. Data has been collected at COE Field (8FA4), a private use, Class G airport. Different strategies to mitigate the risks associated with manned air traffic and remote-controlled aircraft (RCA) were implemented in our study. For example, all team members are properly rated to act as a Remote Pilot in Command (RPIC) of the UAS. Our research findings suggest that UAS could help with the effectiveness of the completion of the WHA by: 1. Reducing the labor, personnel, and time needed to accomplish most WHA tasks. 2. Identifying the location of wildlife activities as well as features that have attracted or have the potential to attract hazardous wildlife species to the airport jurisdiction. 3. Collecting data in areas that are inaccessible or difficult to access and/or observe by ground-based means. 4. Obtaining information of different habitats and wildlife species simultaneously. 5. Allowing the QAWB to not have to traverse difficult terrain

Directrices para una política sostenible del agua

[ES] Este artículo revisa, a la luz de la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA) y de las conclusiones de las reuniones internacionales ligadas al agua celebradas en los últimos años, las directrices que debe seguir una política sostenible del agua. Al tiempo tiene vocación de sintetizar los artículos que completan el presente monográfico. Algunas de nuestras valoraciones están más desarrolladas en los artículos que siguen. Con todos guarda una buena sintonía. Por ello, lo más singular de esta contribución, es la valoración de alguna característica relevante de la política española que, posteriormente, es comparada con las directrices identificadas. El resultado es un conjunto de reflexiones personales cuyo objetivo es contribuir a encontrar la senda de la sostenibilidad. Dada la complejidad del tema y la multiplicidad de ángulos que el análisis admite, el texto, sin duda, puede animar el debate que hoy se echa en falta. Conviene decir, para concluir, que aún cuando las más de las reflexiones se reCabrera, E.; Roldan Cañas, J.; Cabrera Jr., E.; Cobacho, R. (2003). Directrices para una política sostenible del agua. Ingeniería del agua. 10(3):245-257. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2003.2584OJS245257103ASCE Task Committee on Hydraulic Engineering Research Advocacy, 1996. Environmental hydraulics: new research directions for the 21st century. Journal of Hydrualic Engineering. ASCE. April 1.996. pp 180 - 183.Barraqué B., 2003. La nueva política del agua en Europa, tras la Directiva Marco del Agua. Ingeniería del Agua, volumen 10 nº 3. Septiembre 2003BOE, (Boletín Oficial del Estado) 2001. Ley de Aguas. Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2001de 20 de Julio. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Madrid.Bogardi J.J. y Szollosi-Nagi A., 2003. Las Políticas del Agua en el Siglo XXI. Una revisión tras la cumbre de Johannesburgo. Ingeniería del Agua, volumen 10 nº 3. Septiembre 2003Bonnnin J., 1.984. L'eau dans l'antiqueté. L'hydraulique avant notre ère. Collection de la Direction des Etudes et Recherches d'Electricite de France. Editions Eyrolles. Paris. 1.984Burgi P.H. (1.998). Change in Emphasis for Hydraulic Research at Bureau of Reclamation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, July 1.998, pp 658 - 661CMMAD (Comisión Mundial del Medio Ambiente y del Desarrollo), 1988. Nuestro Futuro Común. Editorial Alianza. Madrid, 1988,1989, 1992COICCP, (Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos), 1975. Política hidráulica. Misión social de los riegos. Publicación póstuma de los discursos de Joaquín Costa. Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Madrid. 1.975Corominas J., 2000. El papel económico de las aguas subterráneas en Andalucía. Fundación Marcelino Botín. Madrid.Davis C.V., Sorensen K.E. (1.965). Handbook of applied hydraulics, 3ª edition. Mac Graw Hill, New York, 1.965.Garbrecht G., 1987. "Hydrologic and hydraulic concepts in antiquity". Hydraulics and Hydraulic Research. An Historical Review, pp 1 - 22, Publicado por la IAHR y editado por Günter Garbrecht. Balkema. Rotterdam. Holanda.Gleick P.H., 2003 a. On the need for a National Water Commission for the 21st century. Pacific Institute. Oakland. California. USA. www.pacinst.orgGleick P.H., 2003 b. Hearing: Water: Is it the 'Oil? Of the 21st century. Pacific Institute. Oakland. California. USA. www.pacinst.orgGriegg N.S., 1.986. "Urban Water Infraestructure. Planning, Management and Operations". John Wiley & Sons. New York, 1.986GWP (Global Water Partnership), 2002. Dialogue on Effective Water Governance. Global Water Partnership, GWP Secretariat. Stockholm. Sweden. IAHR (International Association of Hydraulic Research), 1.987"Hydraulics and Hydraulic Research. An Historical Review" Publicado por la IAHR y editado por Günter Garbrecht. Balkema. Rotterdam. Holanda.IAHR (International Association of Hydraulic and Engineering Research), 2003. Newsletter 4, Volume 20/2003(Supplement to JHR - Vol 41 - n 4). IAHR Secretariat. Madrid.Kennedy J.F., 1987. "Hydraulic trends towards the year 2.000". Hydraulics and Hydraulic Research. An Historical Review, pp 357 - 362. Publicado por la IAHR y editado por Günter Garbrecht. Balkema. Rotterdam. Holanda.Llamas R., 1997. Declaración y financiación de obras de interés general, mercado del agua, aguas subterráneas, planificación hidrológica. Ingeniería del Agua, Volumen 4, número 3, páginas 33-44, Septiembre 1997Mataix, C., 1975. "Mturbomáquinas hidrúlicas". Editorial ICAI. Madrid. 1.975.Massarutto A., 2003. El precio del agua: ¿herramienta básica para una política sostenible del agua?. Ingeniería del Agua, volumen 10 nº 3. Septiembre 2003Mehan G.T., 2003. Water Challenges in the 21st century. EWRI 2003, World Water and Environmental Congress, ASCE, Filadelfia, Junio 2003Merkel, W. 2003. El Futuro de la Industria de Agua en el mundo. Ingeniería del Agua, volumen 10 nº 3. Septiembre 2003MMA (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente), 1998. El Libro Blanco del Agua. MMA. MadridOWR (Office of Water Regulation), 1999. Water Services Regulation in Western Australia. The Office of Water Regulation, Perth. AustraliaPaz Maroto J. y Paz Casañé J.M., 1969. Abastecimiento y depuración de agua potable. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos Canales y Puertos. Madrid.Plate E., 1987. Opening address. Hydraulics and Hydraulic Research. An Historical Review, página IX Publicado por la IAHR y editado por Günter Garbrecht. Balkema. Rotterdam. Holanda.Raabe J., 1987. Great names and the development of hydraulic machinery. Hydraulics and Hydraulic Research. An Historical Review, pp 251 - 266. Publicado por la IAHR y editado por Günter Garbrecht. Balkema. Rotterdam. Holanda.Rouse, H. (1.963). "History of Hydraulics". Dover. New YorkRouse H., 1987. "Hydraulics' latest golden age". Hydraulics and Hydraulic Research. An Historical Review, pp 307- 314. Publicado por la IAHR y editado por Günter Garbrecht. Balkema. Rotterdam. Holanda.Sahuquillo A., 1989. Posibilidades de utilización y necesidades de gestión de las aguas subterráneas en la Comunidad Valenciana. El agua en la Comunidad Valenciana. Pp 83-100. E. Cabrera y A. Sauquillo, editores. Generalitat Valenciana.Schnitter J., 1994. A History of Dams. The useful pyramides-Balkema. Rotterdam. Holanda. Steel E. W., 1972. Abastecimiento y saneamiento urbano. Gustavo Gili. BarcelonaUE, (Unión Europea), 2000. Directiva 2000/60/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 23 de Octubre de 2000 (Directiva Marco del Agua). Diario Oficial de las Comunidades Europeas, de 22.12.2000.Páginas L327/1 a L327/72UN (United Nations), 1992. Agenda 21: Chapter 18: Protection of the quality and supply of freshwater resources. Conference on Environmental and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Junio, 1.99

Utilizing UAS to Support Wildlife Hazard Management Efforts by Airport Operators

Purpose of our Study: To investigate how UAS technologies could be safely and effectively applied to identify hazardous wildlife species to aviation operations as well as potential wildlife hazard attractants within the airport jurisdiction

Properties of Graphene: A Theoretical Perspective

In this review, we provide an in-depth description of the physics of monolayer and bilayer graphene from a theorist's perspective. We discuss the physical properties of graphene in an external magnetic field, reflecting the chiral nature of the quasiparticles near the Dirac point with a Landau level at zero energy. We address the unique integer quantum Hall effects, the role of electron correlations, and the recent observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in the monolayer graphene. The quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene is fundamentally different from that of a monolayer, reflecting the unique band structure of this system. The theory of transport in the absence of an external magnetic field is discussed in detail, along with the role of disorder studied in various theoretical models. We highlight the differences and similarities between monolayer and bilayer graphene, and focus on thermodynamic properties such as the compressibility, the plasmon spectra, the weak localization correction, quantum Hall effect, and optical properties. Confinement of electrons in graphene is nontrivial due to Klein tunneling. We review various theoretical and experimental studies of quantum confined structures made from graphene. The band structure of graphene nanoribbons and the role of the sublattice symmetry, edge geometry and the size of the nanoribbon on the electronic and magnetic properties are very active areas of research, and a detailed review of these topics is presented. Also, the effects of substrate interactions, adsorbed atoms, lattice defects and doping on the band structure of finite-sized graphene systems are discussed. We also include a brief description of graphane -- gapped material obtained from graphene by attaching hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom in the lattice.Comment: 189 pages. submitted in Advances in Physic

Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human origins and migration models proposing the Horn of Africa as a prehistoric exit route to Asia have stimulated molecular genetic studies in the region using uniparental loci. However, from a Y-chromosome perspective, Saudi Arabia, the largest country of the region, has not yet been surveyed. To address this gap, a sample of 157 Saudi males was analyzed at high resolution using 67 Y-chromosome binary markers. In addition, haplotypic diversity for its most prominent J1-M267 lineage was estimated using a set of 17 Y-specific STR loci.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Saudi Arabia differentiates from other Arabian Peninsula countries by a higher presence of J2-M172 lineages. It is significantly different from Yemen mainly due to a comparative reduction of sub-Saharan Africa E1-M123 and Levantine J1-M267 male lineages. Around 14% of the Saudi Arabia Y-chromosome pool is typical of African biogeographic ancestry, 17% arrived to the area from the East across Iran, while the remainder 69% could be considered of direct or indirect Levantine ascription. Interestingly, basal E-M96* (n = 2) and J-M304* (n = 3) lineages have been detected, for the first time, in the Arabian Peninsula. Coalescence time for the most prominent J1-M267 haplogroup in Saudi Arabia (11.6 ± 1.9 ky) is similar to that obtained previously for Yemen (11.3 ± 2) but significantly older that those estimated for Qatar (7.3 ± 1.8) and UAE (6.8 ± 1.5).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The Y-chromosome genetic structure of the Arabian Peninsula seems to be mainly modulated by geography. The data confirm that this area has mainly been a recipient of gene flow from its African and Asian surrounding areas, probably mainly since the last Glacial maximum onwards. Although rare deep rooting lineages for Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J have been detected, the presence of more basal clades supportive of the southern exit route of modern humans to Eurasian, were not found.</p

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe