Anatomically constrained CT image translation for heterogeneous blood vessel segmentation

Anatomical structures such as blood vessels in contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) images can be challenging to segment due to the variability in contrast medium diffusion. The combined use of ceCT and contrast-free (CT) CT images can improve the segmentation performances, but at the cost of a double radiation exposure. To limit the radiation dose, generative models could be used to synthesize one modality, instead of acquiring it. The CycleGAN approach has recently attracted particular attention because it alleviates the need for paired data that are difficult to obtain. Despite the great performances demonstrated in the literature, limitations still remain when dealing with 3D volumes generated slice by slice from unpaired datasets with different fields of view. We present an extension of CycleGAN to generate high fidelity images, with good structural consistency, in this context. We leverage anatomical constraints and automatic region of interest selection by adapting the Self-Supervised Body Regressor. These constraints enforce anatomical consistency and allow feeding anatomically-paired input images to the algorithm. Results show qualitative and quantitative improvements, compared to stateof-the-art methods, on the translation task between ceCT and CT images (and vice versa).Comment: Accepted at BMVC 202

A missed orthopaedic injury following a seizure: a case report

Numerous orthopaedic injuries can follow a seizure and are often diagnosed late. This is the first documented case of a missed bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation following a seizure. The possible reasons for the greater incidence of posterior dislocations are examined and why bilateral anterior dislocations following a seizure are so rare. The article discusses the reasons for the delay and highlights potential pitfalls and learning points for junior emergency department doctors

Pacifism in Fin-de-Siècle Austria: The Politics and Limits of Peace Activism

The late Habsburg Monarchy produced two of the most renowned peace activists of their day: Bertha von Suttner and Alfred Fried. In comparison to these two Nobel Peace laureates, the main association of Austro-pacifism – the Österreichische Friedensgesellschaft (ÖFG) – is less well known. The article concentrates on this organization, which had been founded in 1891, and it draws attention to the political and intellectual environment in which it operated. The ÖFG originated in the milieu of Austro-German liberalism, but had an ambivalent rapport with liberal politics. The Austro-pacifists' focus on supranational principles and dynastic loyalty sat uneasily with the national dimensions of Cisleithanian politics. The obstacles encountered by the ÖFG illustrate wider aspects of the political culture of fin-de-siècle Austria, ranging from the question of militarism in Austrian society to the challenges created by socialist and nationalist movements. As a whole, the article highlights the inherent limitations of Austro-pacifism, as reflected in its quest for respectability and its acceptance of the social and political order

Une cachette d’objets de valeur des années 60 apr. J.-C. dans une <i>villa</i> de la cité des Nerviens (Merbes-le-Château, Belgique)

International audienceDie gallo-römische villa von Champ de Saint-Éloi in Merbes-le-Château (Belgien) ist an der Sambre im äußersten Osten der civitas der Nervier gelegen. Im 2. und 3. Jh. unserer Zeit besaß sie einen imposanten Wohnbereich und mehrere Gebäude mit zugleich wirtschaftlicher und dekorativer Funktion. Im Hauptgebäude wurde in einem kleinen eingetieften Raum ein Depot mit Wertsachen entdeckt. Neben zwei Kesseln aus Kupferlegierung enthielt das Depot ein Kästchen, in dem sich zwei Silberlöffel, eine Börse mit 122 Antoninianen, ein Glasfläschchen und vier abgenutzte auf eine den Danubischen Reitern gewidmete Votivplatte gelegte Sesterzen befanden. Die Platte aus verzinnter Kupferlegierung ist in zweifacher Hinsicht außergewöhnlich, erstens weil diese Platten in den westlichen Provinzen sehr selten sind und zweitens aufgrund der hohen Qualität ihrer Ausführung und ihres Dekors. Die Originalität des Depots, das in den Jahren um 260 unserer Zeit vergraben wurde, beruht auf der Vielfältigkeit seiner Zusammensetzung aus Alltagsgegenständen, Wertobjekten und einem religiösen Gegenstand.The Gallo-Roman villa at Champ de Saint-Éloi in Merbes-le-Château (Belgium) lies by the river Sambre, at the eastern limit of the civitas Nerviorum. During the 2nd and 3rd centuries it was constituted of an imposing dwelling with adjacent buildings for economic functions and ornamental structures. A hoard of precious items was recovered inside the main building, in a small semi-buried room. It consists of two copper-allied caldrons and of a small casket containing two silver spoons, a purse with 122 silver antoniniani, a glass flask and four worn sestertii deposited on a plaque dedicated to the Danubian Riders. This copper-allied tinned plaque is remarkable for its rarity in the western provinces as for the high technical degree quality of its decoration. The originality of the hoard, buried in the 260s AD, comes from its heterogeneous contents: daily and precious items and a religious object are mixed.La villa gallo-romaine du Champ de Saint-Éloi à Merbes-le-Château (Belgique) est implantée en bordure de la Sambre, à l’extrémité orientale de la cité des Nerviens. Elle comportait, aux IIe et IIIe s. apr. J.-C., un imposant corps de logis et plusieurs bâtiments à fonctions économique et ornementale. Le site a également livré un dépôt d’objets précieux, découvert à l’intérieur du bâtiment principal dans une petite pièce semi-enterrée. Il se compose de deux chaudrons en alliage de cuivre et d’un petit coffret contenant deux cuillères en argent, une bourse de 122 antoniniens en argent, une fiole en verre, ainsi que quatre sesterces usés posés sur une plaquette dédiée aux Cavaliers danubiens. Celle-ci, en alliage de cuivre étamée, est exceptionnelle tant par sa rareté dans les provinces occidentales que par la qualité technique de son décor. L’originalité du dépôt, dont l’enfouissement est daté des années 260 apr. J.-C., tient dans sa composition hétérogène, mêlant des objets de la vie courante, des biens précieux et une pièce à caractère religieux

Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the teeth and classifying genetic dental disorders

Dental anomalies occur frequently in a number of genetic disorders and act as major signs in diagnosing these disorders. We present definitions of the most common dental signs and propose a classification usable as a diagnostic tool by dentists, clinical geneticists, and other health care providers. The definitions are part of the series Elements of Morphology and have been established after careful discussions within an international group of experienced dentists and geneticists. The classification system was elaborated in the French collaborative network 'TÊTECOU' and the affiliated O-Rares reference/competence centers. The classification includes isolated and syndromic disorders with oral and dental anomalies, to which causative genes and main extraoral signs and symptoms are added. A systematic literature analysis yielded 408 entities of which a causal gene has been identified in 79%. We classified dental disorders in eight groups: dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth, dental size and/or shape, enamel, dentin, dental eruption, periodontal and gingival, and tumor-like anomalies. We aim the classification to act as a shared reference for clinical and epidemiological studies. We welcome critical evaluations of the definitions and classification and will regularly update the classification for newly recognized conditions

Vitalism and the Resistance to Experimentation on Life in the Eighteenth Century

There is a familiar opposition between a ‘Scientific Revolution’ ethos and practice of experimentation, including experimentation on life, and a ‘vitalist’ reaction to this outlook. The former is often allied with different forms of mechanism – if all of Nature obeys mechanical laws, including living bodies, ‘iatromechanism’ should encounter no obstructions in investigating the particularities of animal-machines – or with more chimiatric theories of life and matter, as in the ‘Oxford Physiologists’. The latter reaction also comes in different, perhaps irreducibly heterogeneous forms, ranging from metaphysical and ethical objections to the destruction of life, as in Margaret Cavendish, to more epistemological objections against the usage of instruments, the ‘anatomical’ outlook and experimentation, e.g. in Locke and Sydenham. But I will mainly focus on a third anti-interventionist argument, which I call ‘vitalist’ since it is often articulated in the writings of the so-called Montpellier Vitalists, including their medical articles for the Encyclopédie. The vitalist argument against experimentation on life is subtly different from the metaphysical, ethical and epistemological arguments, although at times it may borrow from any of them. It expresses a Hippocratic sensibility – understood as an artifact of early modernity, not as some atemporal trait of medical thought – in which Life resists the experimenter, or conversely, for the experimenter to grasp something about Life, it will have to be without torturing or radically intervening in it. I suggest that this view does not have to imply that Nature is something mysterious or sacred; nor does the vitalist have to attack experimentation on life in the name of some ‘vital force’ – which makes it less surprising to find a vivisectionist like Claude Bernard sounding so close to the vitalists

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements