The European Economic Community: Example of Regionalization of the Sea?

The European Law and power has not such a world-wide application nowadays, and it is rather against the rules created by the old European order that the nations formed during the second part of this century have begun a rebellion process. One can address the following questions: what exactly is nowadays the action of the European Community at sea: is there a common policy of the common Market toward marine related problems? If there is one, what is the actual impact of this policy at the international level, and especially these days, in regards of the Law of the Sea Conference? The purpose of this paper is to consider these questions and to analyze the actual attitude and integration of the states which constitute the European Economic Community towards shipping, scientific research at sea and marine environmental concerns about pollution, the continental shelf and the exploitation of its mineral and living resources, all problems which can be considered inside the jurisdictional powers of the Community. In each of these fields, after a global statement about the present development of the considered activity, the regional integration and the international influence will be discussed. A rapid summary of the history of the European Community and a description of its Institutions will precede the discussion of its sea related activities

Anthony A. Barrett, Elaine Fantham, John C. Yardley, The Emperor Nero. A Guide to the Ancient Sources

Le règne de Néron a toujours exercé une grande fascination. Les auteurs du livre ont voulu mettre à la disposition du public, et particulièrement des étudiants, un recueil de sources concernant le règne du dernier des Julio-Claudiens. Le guide des sources anciennes concernant le règne de Néron a été réalisé par Anthony A. Barrett, professeur de classics à l’université de Colombie britannique, Elaine Fantham, professeur de latin à l’université de Princeton, John C. Yardley, professeur de class..

La famille des Marii et l’histoire de la colonie romaine de Byllis

La colonie de Byllis fut fondée par Auguste avec l’intention de contrôler une importante voie stratégique. Nous ne la connaissons pas très bien. Cependant quelques inscriptions latines permettent d’étudier une de ses familles, celle des Marii. La mention d’un centurion primipile originaire de Byllis dans une inscription trouvée dans la cité de Rome est très intéressante pour notre propos.The colony of Byllis was founded by Augustus with the intention to control a strategic way of communication. We do not know the Roman colony very well. However some latin inscriptions give us the possibility to study one of the Byllis’ families, the Marii. The mention of a centurio primipilaris whose origin is Byllis, in an inscription found in the city of Rome is very interesting for our subject

Protection against Mycobacterium ulcerans Lesion Development by Exposure to Aquatic Insect Saliva

BACKGROUND: Buruli ulcer is a severe human skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. This disease is primarily diagnosed in West Africa with increasing incidence. Antimycobacterial drug therapy is relatively effective during the preulcerative stage of the disease, but surgical excision of lesions with skin grafting is often the ultimate treatment. The mode of transmission of this Mycobacterium species remains a matter of debate, and relevant interventions to prevent this disease lack (i) the proper understanding of the M. ulcerans life history traits in its natural aquatic ecosystem and (ii) immune signatures that could be correlates of protection. We previously set up a laboratory ecosystem with predatory aquatic insects of the family Naucoridae and laboratory mice and showed that (i) M. ulcerans-carrying aquatic insects can transmit the mycobacterium through bites and (ii) that their salivary glands are the only tissues hosting replicative M. ulcerans. Further investigation in natural settings revealed that 5%–10% of these aquatic insects captured in endemic areas have M. ulcerans–loaded salivary glands. In search of novel epidemiological features we noticed that individuals working close to aquatic environments inhabited by insect predators were less prone to developing Buruli ulcers than their relatives. Thus we set out to investigate whether those individuals might display any immune signatures of exposure to M. ulcerans-free insect predator bites, and whether those could correlate with protection. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We took a two-pronged approach in this study, first investigating whether the insect bites are protective in a mouse model, and subsequently looking for possibly protective immune signatures in humans. We found that, in contrast to control BALB/c mice, BALB/c mice exposed to Naucoris aquatic insect bites or sensitized to Naucoris salivary gland homogenates (SGHs) displayed no lesion at the site of inoculation of M. ulcerans coated with Naucoris SGH components. Then using human serum samples collected in a Buruli ulcer–endemic area (in the Republic of Benin, West Africa), we assayed sera collected from either ulcer-free individuals or patients with Buruli ulcers for the titre of IgGs that bind to insect predator SGH, focusing on those molecules otherwise shown to be retained by M. ulcerans colonies. IgG titres were lower in the Buruli ulcer patient group than in the ulcer-free group. CONCLUSIONS: These data will help structure future investigations in Buruli ulcer–endemic areas, providing a rationale for research into human immune signatures of exposure to predatory aquatic insects, with special attention to those insect saliva molecules that bind to M. ulcerans

Roberto Cristofoli, Antonio e Cesare. Anni 54-44 a. C. Rome, «L’Erma » di Bretschneider, 2008

Deniaux Elisabeth. Roberto Cristofoli, Antonio e Cesare. Anni 54-44 a. C. Rome, «L’Erma » di Bretschneider, 2008. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 81, 2012. pp. 496-498

La Normandie productrice d'amphores ?

Deniaux Élizabeth. La Normandie productrice d'amphores ?. In: Amphores romaines et histoire économique. Dix ans de recherche. Actes du colloque de Sienne (22-24 mai 1986) Rome : École Française de Rome, 1989. pp. 586-587. (Publications de l'École française de Rome, 114

Investigate more robust featuresfor Speech Recognition usingDeep Learning

The new electronic devices and their constant progress brought up the chal-lenge of improving the speech recognitions systems. Indeed, people tend touse more and more hands-free devices that are inclined to be used in noisyenvironments. The evolution of Machine Learning techniques has been very ef-ficient for the last decade and speech recognition system using those techniquesappeared. The main challenge of Automatic Speech Recognition systems nowa-days is the improvement of the robustness to noise and reverberations. DeepLearning methods were used to either improve the speech representations ordefining better distributions probabilities. The problem we face is the drop inthe performance of ASR systems when inputs are noisy. The general approachis to define novel speech features that are more robust using Deep Neural Net-works. To do so we got through different implementations as the incorporationof autooencoders in the MFCC block diagram or the deep denoising autoen-coders with different pre-training methods. The final solution is a system thatbuild more robust features from noisy MFCC. Our input is the demonstrationthat a denoising system using q quantized DDAEs defined by the clustering ofthe training data using K-means is more efficient than one denoising systemapplied to the whole data. The performance gained using such a system is of 2to 3% in terms of phone error rate and might be improved using more trainingdata and better tuned NN parameters

W.M. Blake Tyrrell, A legal and historical commentary to Cicero's Oratio pro C. Rabino perduellionis reo, 1978

Deniaux Élizabeth. W.M. Blake Tyrrell, A legal and historical commentary to Cicero's Oratio pro C. Rabino perduellionis reo, 1978. In: Revue des Études Anciennes. Tome 85, 1983, n°3-4. pp. 328-329

L’orientaliste Antoine Galland et la découverte des inscriptions de la cité des Viducasses

International audienc