Simulated climate change conditions unveil the toxic potential of the fungicide pyrimethanil on the midge Chironomus riparius: a multigeneration experiment

Although it has been suggested that temperature increase may alter the toxic potential of environmental pollutants, few studies have investigated the potential risk of chemical stressors for wildlife under Global Climate Change (GCC) impact. We applied a bifactorial multigeneration study in order to test if GCC conditions alter the effects of low pesticide concentrations on life history and genetic diversity of the aquatic model organism Chironomus riparius. Experimental populations of the species were chronically exposed to a low concentration of the fungicide pyrimethanil (half of the no-observed-adverse-effect concentration: NOAEC/2) under two dynamic present-day temperature simulations (11.0–22.7°C; 14.0–25.2°C) and one future scenario (16.5–28.1°C). During the 140-day multigeneration study, survival, emergence, reproduction, population growth, and genetic diversity of C. riparius were analyzed. Our results reveal that high temperature and pyrimethanil act synergistically on the midge C. riparius. In simulated present-day scenarios, a NOAEC/2 of pyrimethanil as derived from a life-cycle toxicity test provoked only slight-to-moderate beneficial or adverse effects on C. riparius. In contrast, exposure to a NOAEC/2 concentration of pyrimethanil at a thermal situation likely for a summer under GCC conditions uncovered adverse effects on mortality and population growth rate. In addition, genetic diversity was considerably reduced by pyrimethanil in the future scenario, but only slightly under current climatic conditions. Our multigeneration study under near-natural (climatic) conditions indicates that not only the impact of climate change, but also low concentrations of pesticides may pose a reasonable risk for aquatic insects in future

A Companion to Robert Altman

Editor buku ini adalah Direktur Penelitian Tingkat Tinggi di Sekolah Media dan Komunikasi, University Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology dan sebagai co-kurator dari Melbourne Cinematheque dan co-editor Senses of Cinema. Buku ini berisi 23 esai tentang Robert Altman karya para penulis yang membahas Robert Altman dari berbagai pengalamannya sebagai ahli di lapangan dan memberikan laporan lengkap tentang kariernya di dunia perfilman. Isinya menyediakan diskusi dan analisis Altman termasuk signifikansi karyanya di televisi dan industri film, pentingnya kolaborasi dan inovasi estetikanya. Selain itu isinya juga menawarkan spesifikasi ke dalam aspek tertentu dari gaya film dan aplikasinya, sejarah TV dan bidang-bidang tertentu seperti teori ruang, tempat, kepenulisan dan gender.xii, 522 hal.: ilus 25 c