Creation of Nanowires for Energy Saving Applications

Color poster with text, images, and graphs.With nearly everything we use in modern society being electronic, energy consumption is a high cost factor. Most electronics draw small amounts of power when plugged in. This is because transistors have on and off states corresponding to smaller electric currents. This smaller current still exists when the device is "off." This study looked at how to reduce this drain to save money and reduce wasted energy.University of Wisconsin--Eau Claire Office of Research and Sponsored Programs

Community structure in directed networks

We consider the problem of finding communities or modules in directed networks. The most common approach to this problem in the previous literature has been simply to ignore edge direction and apply methods developed for community discovery in undirected networks, but this approach discards potentially useful information contained in the edge directions. Here we show how the widely used benefit function known as modularity can be generalized in a principled fashion to incorporate the information contained in edge directions. This in turn allows us to find communities by maximizing the modularity over possible divisions of a network, which we do using an algorithm based on the eigenvectors of the corresponding modularity matrix. This method is shown to give demonstrably better results than previous methods on a variety of test networks, both real and computer-generated.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Exploratory Research on MEMS Technology for Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pumps

This report details the efforts to exploit micro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS) and micro device technologies to improve control of multi-channel evaporators by reducing maldistribution among channels, and increase capacity and efficiency of current vapor-compression refrigeration chillers and heat-pumps. Besides summarizing the market potential of MEMS technology for use in evaporators and micro-heat-pumps, the report describes the accomplishments of an experimental investigation of refrigerant-side maldistribution in multi-channel plate heat exchangers (PHE's). A special test facility designed for the purpose of studying the maldistribution of refrigerant in evaporators is described in the report. The facility allows maldistribution caused by either normal superheat temperature control, or induced by the user in controlled amounts, to be measured and quantified. Four different techniques were used to detect the presence of liquid droplets in the stream of superheated vapor at the evaporator exit, an indication of maldistributed flow. They are: Helium-Neon laser, beaded thermocouple, static mixer and newly designed heated MEMS sensor. Comparison of the four techniques shows that the MEMS sensor designed and fabricated in this project has the highest potential for indicating maldistribution, manifested by entrained liquid droplets, in multi-channel evaporators. A complete set of test results in the time and frequency domain is show in graphical form in the appendices. The design, fabrication, calibration, and testing of the MEMS serpentine resistance sensor is also reported, along with a control scheme and strategy for implementing the MEMS sensor in multi-channel evaporator systems

Trade policy and human rights

This year's International Labour Conference from 2nd to 18th June adopted a declaration of principles concerning fundamental workers' rights. What can the World Trade Organisation do to help establish these rights, and what economic effects can be expected

El proyecto territorial del balneario uruguayo: modelos, paradigmas y utopías

Ante las transformaciones territoriales aceleradas que se producen en la región costera Sur del Uruguay, se indaga acerca de su proceso de urbanización en clave multiescalar, donde la conformación de los balnearios juega un rol destacado. Por un lado se explora el surgimiento y desarrollo del balneario a principios del siglo XX como un paisaje cultural específico, testimonio de un cambio de paradigma en los hábitos de la sociedad rioplatense. Por otro, se aborda a una escala regional el proyecto territorial, utópico e inacabado, implícito o explícito en el proceso de génesis de los balnearios. Se pone en consideración la influencia de la presencia cercana, al otro lado del Río de la Plata, de la región metropolitana de Buenos Aires, con 15 millones de habitantes. La puesta en valor de la cultura e identidad de los balnearios resulta fundamental para que continúen siendo entornos vitales. A la presencia del balneario como paisaje cultural, se contraponen iniciativas emergentes de nuevos modelos de habitar y de vivir el tiempo libre, los llamados clubes de campo.Regarding the accelerated transformations that the Coastal South Region of Uruguay is undergoing, the article explores its anthropization process in a multiescalar approach, where the shaping of the seaside resorts has played a leading role. On one hand, the outcome and development of the seaside resort at the beginning of the XX century is analysed as a specific cultural landscape, proof of a paradigm change in the local society. On the other hand, the regional land project that is beneath the process of shaping the seaside resort is explored, utopic and unfinished, implicit and explicit. It is evaluated the presence of 15 million people at the other side of the River Plate, in the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The highlight of the seaside resort as a cultural landscape, is opposed to the outcome of an emerging lush way of living the spare time: the so called countries or gated communities.Peer Reviewe

GeoFutures l Urban Integration

Bring nature back to the city. Integrate neglected migration patterns in sprawling cities such as Atlanta. Mend urban fragmentation. The purpose is to make a cleaner environment in the city. My project looks at the Anthropocene as a fence. And how place has been fundamentally “displaced”. Resulting in a boundary or separation between man and nature. To study and research the Anthropocene (age of man) and how man has taken over as the main force behind the change of the environment. Looking through an architectural lens of ecology, how can we use this lens to help us slow down society getting to the tipping point that so many scientist have been warning about for years