The Negative Impact of Excessive Screen Time on Language Development in Children Under 6-Years-Old: An Integrative Review with Screen Time Reduction Toolkit and Presentation for Outpatient Pediatric and Family Health Providers

Background. Increased amounts of recreational screen time, defined as time watching television and DVDs, playing videogames, and using computers, tablets, and cellular phones without academic purpose, and the lack of effective media use assessment and patient education being done by primary care providers is associated with increased risk of language developmental delays for young children under 6-years-old. Purpose. The purpose of this integrative review is to develop a toolkit that provides education for providers and families on the adverse effects of excessive screen time on language development in children younger than 6-years-old and evidence-based screen time reduction strategies that can be implemented in outpatient primary care clinics at all wellness visits. Toolkit and Presentation. An integrative review was conducted to describe the effects of excessive screen time on language development for children under age 6 and analyze interventions to decrease screen time. From these results, the Screen Time Reduction Toolkit was created. The toolkit includes the 2-Question Assessment for Screen Time (2-QAST), screen time reduction algorithm, provider and patient education on health risks associated with excessive screen time, screen time recommendations published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and evidence-based screen time reduction strategies, provider resources, and patient education handouts. The integrative review findings and toolkit were presented to a group of local pediatric providers, nurses, and medical technicians for education and implementation. Outcomes/Discussion. The pre-presentation survey was created after the Health Belief Model (HBM), which served as the framework for this educational intervention. Staff members had high perceived seriousness (83%), perceived susceptibility (83%), and perceived benefit (100%), demonstrating that staff members’ attitudes and beliefs about screen time for young children were in agreement with the principles of this project. Barriers identified included lack of knowledge about health risks from excessive screen time, potential for parental resistance to screen time reduction advice, and time constraints during wellness visits. Regarding cues to action, staff members requested visual aids, handouts, and more education about screen time. The toolkit and patient education resources reduce barriers and address cues to action identified by the staff members. The post-presentation evaluation revealed that 100% of staff members found the toolkit presentation informative and said it increased their knowledge and understanding of the topic. Conclusion. The toolkit provides the education that providers need to be knowledgeable as well as confident in their ability to discuss screen time with families. Being consistent about providing a few minutes of screen time education at every wellness visit from 2-months-old to 5-years-old sets a solid foundation for parents and children to create healthier screen time habits at home

Mieczysław Kotlarczyk – a Teacher and Artistic Friend of John Paul II

Mieczysław Kotlarczyk played an important role in the life of Pope John Paul II. The spiritual bond between friends born in the same city exerted a significant impact on both their lives and work. And yet it remains unknown to the public, just as Kotlarczyk himself. Raised in a theatre-related family, Kotlarczyk remained affiliated with the theatre throughout his life. This paper presents his life path and the fate of the Rhapsodic Theatre, which Kotlarczyk was managing from 1941, and which operated under the auspices of the “Unia” (“Union”) underground organization. After World War II, despite reprisals from the communist authorities and the subordination to thesecret service, Kotlarczyk tried to continue his activity. In 1953, the Rhapsodic Theatre was liquidated by the authorities. Even though in 1957, as part of the so-called thaw, there was a consent to reactivate the theatre, ten years later however, it was definitely shut down. Among those protesting against the decision, was Karol Wojtyła, the then Archbishop of Kraków.Mieczysław Kotlarczyk played an important role in the life of Pope John Paul II. The spiritual bond between friends born in the same city exerted a significant impact on both their lives and work. And yet it remains unknown to the public, just as Kotlarczyk himself. Raised in a theatre-related family, Kotlarczyk remained affiliated with the theatre throughout his life. This paper presents his life path and the fate of the Rhapsodic Theatre, which Kotlarczyk was managing from 1941, and which operated under the auspices of the “Unia” (“Union”) underground organization. After World War II, despite reprisals from the communist authorities and the subordination to thesecret service, Kotlarczyk tried to continue his activity. In 1953, the Rhapsodic Theatre was liquidated by the authorities. Even though in 1957, as part of the so-called thaw, there was a consent to reactivate the theatre, ten years later however, it was definitely shut down. Among those protesting against the decision, was Karol Wojtyła, the then Archbishop of Kraków

Benchmarking High Performance Architectures With Natural Language Processing Algorithms

Natural Language Processing algorithms are resource demanding, especially when tuning toinflective language like Polish is needed. The paper presents time and memory requirementsof part of speech tagging and clustering algorithms applied to two corpora of the Polishlanguage. The algorithms are benchmarked on three high performance platforms of differentarchitectures. Additionally sequential versions and OpenMP implementations of clusteringalgorithms were compared

METODE LANGSUNG (DIRECT METHOD) TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN MAKNA KATA PADA ANAK AUTIS

ABSTRACT The autistic students are the students who have social, behavioural, language, and communicatin disturbances. Those make autistic students difficult to live normally, especially on the aspects of language and communication which play an important role in the social interaction. Language learning for autistic students has special characteristics  empashizing on how produced words are suitable to the meaning which has been agreed by communities. Direct method is learning method which assumes that a good language learning is conducted through using the language intensively in the communication, so that the students use each language element that is appropriate to its meaning and intention. It is expected that the language that the autistic students produce words without meaning (ekolalia), but the meaningfull words. The purpose of this research is to describe the level of effectiveness using direct method on learning word meaning of the second year autistic students of Mutiara Hati special education elementary school Mojokerto. This quantitative research used Pre-Experimental Design with one Group Pre-Test and Post-Test. The subjects were 6 autistic students of second class in Mutiara Hati special education elementary school Mojokerto. The data were analyzed by using non parametric statistics with sign test. From the result of statistical test in this research showed that Zh score was 2.05, which means that Zh score = 2.05 is langer than critical value of 1.96, thus the Null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that direct method is effective to use on learning word meaning of the second year autistic students of Mutiara Hati special education elementary school Mojokerto.   Keywords : Word Meaning Learning, Direct Metho

The soul-body compound in didymus the blind's "Commentary on Genesis" and its eoplatonic background

This article concentrates on the view of the soul-body compound as presented by Didymus the Blind in his Commentary on Genesis, and also on some characteristic traits of Neoplatonic psychology which can be found in this text. A closer inspection of Commentary on Genesis reveals that what Didymus presents as the soul-body compound can be understood equally well as the compound of the superior intellectual soul conceived as a transcendent essence of the soul, and the ensouled body which is already a compound of the material body and the inferior irrational soul acting similarly to the body’s immanent form. Therefore, it seems plausible to surmise that it is this kind of solution to the soul-body problem which Henry Blumenthal called the marriage of dualism and hylomorphism, and which left its mark not only on later Platonic tradition, but presumably also on Didymus.This article concentrates on the view of the soul-body compound as presented by Didymus the Blind in his Commentary on Genesis, and also on some characteristic traits of Neoplatonic psychology which can be found in this text. A closer inspection of Commentary on Genesis reveals that what Didymus presents as the soul-body compound can be understood equally well as the compound of the superior intellectual soul conceived as a transcendent essence of the soul, and the ensouled body which is already a compound of the material body and the inferior irrational soul acting similarly to the body’s immanent form. Therefore, it seems plausible to surmise that it is this kind of solution to the soul-body problem which Henry Blumenthal called the marriage of dualism and hylomorphism, and which left its mark not only on later Platonic tradition, but presumably also on Didymus

The Foraging Behavior of a Solitary Bee, \u3ci\u3eDiadasia nigrifrons\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) on \u3ci\u3eSidalcea oregana\u3c/i\u3e, ssp. \u3ci\u3eoregana\u3c/i\u3e

Foraging studies have established that bees typically obey a set of movement rules when foraging on vertical inflorescences: they begin foraging at the bottom of an inflorescence, move upward, visit a fraction of the available flowers, and leave before reaching the top of the inflorescence. These behaviors are purported to maximize bee foraging efficiency by concentrating their efforts on the most rewarding flowers and minimizing flower revisits. Bees also increase their efficiency by selecting inflorescences with many flowers, visiting more flowers per inflorescence, and remaining in resource-rich areas. To test these hypotheses on plants with more complicated flower arrangements, I observed the foraging behavior of the solitary, specialist bee, Diadasia nigrifrons, on its host plant, Sidalcea oregana ssp. oregana, at two sites in northern Utah. S. oregana plants produce one to several paniculate (non-vertical) inflorescences. Flowers open from bottom to top within branches of the panicle, but flowering often occurs contemporaneously between branches Diadasia foraging behavior did not conform to the expected movement rules. Bees tended to arrive at male flowers irrespective of their position on the inflorescence, visit one or a few flowers, and leave the inflorescence and the foraging area. They did not forage from bottom to top and did not appear to favor inflorescences with more flowers. Despite this, bees did respond to differences in flower number within inflorescences by visiting more flowers on larger inflorescences. Other studies have shown that bees tend to remain foraging in an area after encountering abundant resources. In addition to flower number as a measure of reward availability, I used the foraging time on the first flower visited and the time elapsed since the flower was last visited. The response of bees to these cues was inconsistent. Bees were not more likely to remain foraging in an area after visiting an inflorescence with many flowers than after visiting one with few flowers, nor were they consistently more likely to remain foraging after visiting rewarding flowers. I discuss several possible explanations for Diadasia\u27s apparent non-optimal foraging behavior, including the possibility that Diadasia behavior is a response to perceived predation risks and/or reward availability

Linearized 9-Bit Hybrid LBDD PWM Modulator for Digital Class-BD Amplifier

The paper presents an original architecture andimplementation of 9-bit Linearized Pulse Width Modulator(LPWM) for Class-BD amplifier, based on the hybrid methodusing STM32 microcontroller and Programmable Tapped DelayLine (PTDL). The analog input signals are converted into 12-bitPCM signals, then are directly transformed into 32-bit LBDDDPWM data of the pulse-edge locations within n-th period of theswitching frequency, next requantized to the 9-bit digitaloutputs, and finally converted into the two physical trains of 1-bitPWM signals, to control the output stage of the Class-BD audioamplifier. The hybrid 9-bit quantizer converts 6 MSB bits usingcounter method, based on the peripherals of STM32microcontroller, while the remaining 3 LSB bits - using a methodbased on the PTDL. In the paper extensive verification ofalgorithm and circuit operation as well as simulation inMATLAB and experimental results of the proposed 9-bit hybridLBDD DPWM circuit have been performed. It allows to attainSNR of 80 dB and THD about 0,3% within the audio baseband

Comparison of Latent Semantic Analysis and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis for Documents Clustering

In this paper we compare usefulness of statistical techniques of dimensionality reduction for improving clustering of documents in Polish. We start with partitional and agglomerative algorithms applied to Vector Space Model. Then we investigate two transformations: Latent Semantic Analysis and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis. The obtained results showed advantage of Latent Semantic Analysis technique over probabilistic model. We also analyse time and memory consumption aspects of these transformations and present runtime details for IBM BladeCenter HS21 machine