Enthusiasts or Trapped? Relations Between Organizational Commitment Profiles, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Life Satisfaction

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment profiles and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and life satisfaction. To complete these goals three studies were conducted. The research involved the cultural adaptation of the internationally accepted standard Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and the development of the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. The first study (N=40) focused on the validation of translation and cultural adaptation of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Meyer & Allen, 1991, 1997). The second study (N=222) was aimed at confirming the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire – Polish version. In the third study (N=42) the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire was obtained. In the next study (N=503) the main research hypotheses were examined. Five clusters were identified using k-means cluster analysis. These were labeled: Non-committed, Neutrals, Enthusiasts, Trapped and Devoted. Analysis of variance results indicated that Enthusiasts and Devoted demonstrated the highest levels of OCB and high levels of life satisfaction. The Non-committed profile showed the lowest level of OCB combined with low levels of life satisfaction.Celem artykułu jest zbadanie profili trzech typów zaangażowania organizacyjnego (Meyer, Allen, 1997) występujących wśród pracowników, którzy jednocześnie podnoszą swoje kwalifikacje na studiach biznesowych oraz określenie związku tych profili z zachowaniami obywatelskimi w organizacji (Organ at al., 2006) i satysfakcją z życia. Przeprowadzono cztery badania. Pierwsze badanie (N=40) dotyczyło weryfikacji poprawności tłumaczenia i adaptacji kulturowej kwestionariusza Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Meyer, Allen, 1991, 1997). Celem badania drugiego (N=222) było określenie struktury czynnikowej i poprawności psychometrycznej Testu Zaanga- żowania Organizacyjnego (Spik, 2014). W badaniu trzecim (N=42) opracowano Kwestionariusz Organizacyjnych Zachowań Obywatelskich. W badaniu czwartym (N=503) testowano główne hipotezy badawcze. Analiza skupień k-średnich wykazała istnienie pięciu grup profilowych (określonych jako: Niezaangażowani, Neutralni, Entuzjaści, Uwięzieni oraz Oddani). Analiza wariancji wyników wykazała, że Entuzjaści i Oddani charakteryzują się najwyższym poziomem zachowań obywatelskich w organizacji i najwyższą satysfakcją z życia. Niezaangażowani wyróżniali się najniższym poziomem zachowań obywatelskich i niskimi poziomami satysfakcji z życia. W artykule przedstawiono dyskusję praktycznych konsekwencji wykrytych zależności w kontekście ich wpływu na innowacyjność organizacji

Pathogenic Hantaviruses Elicit Different Immunoreactions in THP-1 Cells and Primary Monocytes and Induce Differentiation of Human Monocytes to Dendritic-Like Cells

Hantaviruses cause two important human illnesses, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Both syndromes are believed to be immune-mediated diseases. Monocytes/macrophages are thought to be the main target cells for hantaviruses and important sources of and targets for cytokines/chemokines secretion. THP-1 cells have been used extensively as models for primary monocytes in biocompatibility research. The aim of our study was to determine if hantaviruses induce the same immunoreactions in THP-1 cells and primary monocytes/ macrophages and might therefore be suitable for immune studies of hantaviral infections. For that purpose we compared various cytokines/chemokines and their receptors in THP-1 cell line and primary monocytes/macrophages. Infected primary monocytes/macrophages induced mostly -chemokines and their receptors. In contrast, THP-1 cells, expressed receptors for CXC chemokines. Surprisingly, infected macrophages underwent morphological changes toward dendriticlike cells and increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules: CD40, CD80, CD83 and CD86. Our data indicate that THP-1 cells are not ideal for in vitro research of the immunopathogenesis of hantaviruses in humans. Further, our studies revealed potential roles for cytokines/chemokines in HFRS/HPS immunopathogenesis and point to intriguing possibilities for the possible differentiation of infected macrophages to dendritic-like cells

Pathogenic Hantaviruses Elicit Different Immunoreactions in THP-1 Cells and Primary Monocytes and Induce Differentiation of Human Monocytes to Dendritic-Like Cells

Hantaviruses cause two important human illnesses, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Both syndromes are believed to be immune-mediated diseases. Monocytes/macrophages are thought to be the main target cells for hantaviruses and important sources of and targets for cytokines/chemokines secretion. THP-1 cells have been used extensively as models for primary monocytes in biocompatibility research. The aim of our study was to determine if hantaviruses induce the same immunoreactions in THP-1 cells and primary monocytes/ macrophages and might therefore be suitable for immune studies of hantaviral infections. For that purpose we compared various cytokines/chemokines and their receptors in THP-1 cell line and primary monocytes/macrophages. Infected primary monocytes/macrophages induced mostly -chemokines and their receptors. In contrast, THP-1 cells, expressed receptors for CXC chemokines. Surprisingly, infected macrophages underwent morphological changes toward dendriticlike cells and increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules: CD40, CD80, CD83 and CD86. Our data indicate that THP-1 cells are not ideal for in vitro research of the immunopathogenesis of hantaviruses in humans. Further, our studies revealed potential roles for cytokines/chemokines in HFRS/HPS immunopathogenesis and point to intriguing possibilities for the possible differentiation of infected macrophages to dendritic-like cells

Ecology and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks

Weather conditions greatly affect tick population densities and activity, on which depends the occurrence of tick-borne diseases (TBDs). During the spring months from 2017 to 2019, 1,357 specimens of Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected at 9 localities in the vicinity of Novi Sad (Serbia). The number of collected ticks varied considerably among the different sampling sites and years. Also, a statistically significant difference was found between months and observed number of ticks for each stadium. By statistical analysis of tick activity depending on microclimatic conditions, a positive and statistically significant relationship between temperature and the number of ticks for each life stage was established, but not for humidity. Dew had a statistically significant impact only on nymphs but not on adults. The infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. was the highest in March (46.5–51.2%) and the lowest in May (32.9–34.8%). The highest prevalence was detected in males and the lowest in nymphs. Since there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between tick number and prevalence, the ability to provide weather-based predictions of the seasonal patterns of current tick activity is important for the risk assessment of TBDs such as Lyme borreliosis