A comparison of self-reported and device measured sedentary behaviour in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2020 The Authors. Published by BMC. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00938-3BACKGROUND:Sedentary behaviour (SB) is a risk factor for chronic disease and premature mortality. While many individual studies have examined the reliability and validity of various self-report measures for assessing SB, it is not clear, in general, how self-reported SB (e.g., questionnaires, logs, ecological momentary assessments (EMAs)) compares to device measures (e.g., accelerometers, inclinometers). OBJECTIVE:The primary objective of this systematic review was to compare self-report versus device measures of SB in adults. METHODS:Six bibliographic databases were searched to identify all studies which included a comparable self-report and device measure of SB in adults. Risk of bias within and across studies was assessed. Results were synthesized using meta-analyses. RESULTS:The review included 185 unique studies. A total of 123 studies comprising 173 comparisons and data from 55,199 participants were used to examine general criterion validity. The average mean difference was -105.19 minutes/day (95% CI: -127.21, -83.17); self-report underestimated sedentary time by ~1.74 hours/day compared to device measures. Self-reported time spent sedentary at work was ~40 minutes higher than when assessed by devices. Single item measures performed more poorly than multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries. On average, when compared to inclinometers, multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries were not significantly different, but had substantial amount of variability (up to 6 hours/day within individual studies) with approximately half over-reporting and half under-reporting. A total of 54 studies provided an assessment of reliability of a self-report measure, on average the reliability was good (ICC = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS:Evidence from this review suggests that single-item self-report measures generally underestimate sedentary time when compared to device measures. For accuracy, multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries with a shorter recall period should be encouraged above single item questions and longer recall periods if sedentary time is a primary outcome of study. Users should also be aware of the high degree of variability between and within tools. Studies should exert caution when comparing associations between different self-report and device measures with health outcomes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:PROSPERO CRD42019118755.Dr. Stephanie Prince was funded by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) – Public Health Agency of Canada Health System Impact Fellowship. Dr. Jennifer Reed is funded, in part, by a CIHR New Investigator Salary Award. Dr. Jennifer Reed was awarded a Planning and Dissemination Grant (#150435) from the CIHR to support Open Access publication charges.Published versio

A comparison of self-reported and device measured sedentary behaviour in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Sedentary behaviour (SB) is a risk factor for chronic disease and premature mortality. While many individual studies have examined the reliability and validity of various self-report measures for assessing SB, it is not clear, in general, how self-reported SB (e.g., questionnaires, logs, ecological momentary assessments (EMAs)) compares to device measures (e.g., accelerometers, inclinometers). Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review was to compare self-report versus device measures of SB in adults. Methods: Six bibliographic databases were searched to identify all studies which included a comparable self-report and device measure of SB in adults. Risk of bias within and across studies was assessed. Results were synthesized using meta-analyses. Results: The review included 185 unique studies. A total of 123 studies comprising 173 comparisons and data from 55,199 participants were used to examine general criterion validity. The average mean difference was -105.19 minutes/day (95% CI: -127.21, -83.17); self-report underestimated sedentary time by ~1.74 hours/day compared to device measures. Self-reported time spent sedentary at work was ~40 minutes higher than when assessed by devices. Single item measures performed more poorly than multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries. On average, when compared to inclinometers, multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries were not significantly different, but had substantial amount of variability (up to 6 hours/day within individual studies) with approximately half over-reporting and half under-reporting. A total of 54 studies provided an assessment of reliability of a self-report measure, on average the reliability was good (ICC = 0.66). Conclusions: Evidence from this review suggests that single-item self-report measures generally underestimate sedentary time when compared to device measures. For accuracy, multi-item questionnaires, EMAs and logs/diaries with a shorter recall period should be encouraged above single item questions and longer recall periods if sedentary time is a primary outcome of study. Users should also be aware of the high degree of variability between and within tools. Studies should exert caution when comparing associations between different self-report and device measures with health outcomes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD4201911875

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Quel futur pour la biodiversité en milieu agricole dans un contexte de changements climatiques ? (de l'évaluation des mesures de conservation aux scénarios d'usage des sols)

Les changements climatiques et d usages des sols sont des facteurs clés affectant la biodiversité. Par ailleurs, la nécessité de concilier production agricole et biodiversité, en améliorant les mesures de conservation existantes et en intégrant les considérations environnementales dans les futures politiques agricoles, est devenue une préoccupation majeure. L objectif de la thèse était d étudier comment les changements environnementaux (climatiques et d usages des sols agricoles) et les mesures de conservation mises en œuvre en réponse à ces pressions environnementales, sont susceptibles d affecter les communautés d oiseaux nicheurs. Une première partie de mes travaux a porté sur l évaluation des effets des mesures agro-environnementales (MAE) récemment mises en œuvre en France. Ces travaux mettent en évidence l efficacité mitigée des MAE dans leur ensemble, bien que certaines semblent pouvoir améliorer la dynamique des populations en déclin. Dans une seconde partie, j ai cherché à prédire les impacts potentiels des changements environnementaux futurs sur les communautés d oiseaux. Les prédictions des impacts potentiels de différents scénarios PAC à l horizon 2020 m ont tout d abord permis de mettre en évidence la nécessité de développer des scénarios à fine échelle spatiale, tenant compte de la diversité des systèmes agricoles en France. J ai donc développé différents scénarios de changements d assolements à l échelle des petites régions agricoles, certains étant déclinés à deux échelles de prise de décision politique : nationale et régionale. Les prédictions des impacts de ces scénarios combinés à différents scénarios de changements climatiques et d usage des sols, nous permettent notamment de mettre en évidence que la régionalisation de politiques d extensification en fonction des agrosystèmes, pourrait permettre de maximiser la conservation des communautés d oiseaux communs en milieu agricole. En conclusion, le développement de telles approches prédictives est utile pour prédire les impacts des changements potentiels du climat et de l'utilisation des terres, et est par conséquent un réel outil d'aide à la décision pour élaborer les futures politiques agricolesClimate and land use changes are both key factors affecting biodiversity. Moreover, the need to reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity, by improving existing conservation measures and by integrating environmental considerations into future agricultural policies, has become a major concern. The aim of the thesis was to study how environmental changes (climate and agricultural land use) and conservation measures implemented in response to these environmental pressures, may affect breeding bird communities. The first part of my work focused on assessing the effects of agri-environment schemes (AES) recently implemented in France. The results demonstrated overall mixed effectiveness of AES, although some of them seem to have the potential to improve the dynamics of declining populations. In the second part, I tried to predict the potential impacts of changes in future environments on bird communities. Predictions of potential impacts of different CAP scenarios by 2020 highlighted the need to develop scenarios at fine spatial scale, taking into account the diversity of agroecosystems in France. Thus, I developed different scenarios of changes in cropping patterns across French small agricultural regions, some of which developed at two different scales of policy-making: national and regional. Predicted impacts of these scenarios combined with various scenarios of climate and land use changes, proved especially that regionalization of extensification policies according to agroecosystems could help to maximize the conservation of common bird communities in agricultural landscapes. In conclusion, the development of such predictive approaches is useful for estimating the environmental impacts of potential changes in climate and land use, and is therefore a real tool for decision support to participate in the development of policiesPARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Efficient and selective transformation of carbohydrates to valuable chemicals via sonochemistry: which essential parameters to control the reaction?

International audienc

Forecasting the potential impacts of CAP-associated land use changes on farmland birds at the national level

International audiencetThe European Farmland Bird Indicator (FBI) has been adopted as a Structural and Sustainable Develop-ment Indicator by the EU. It identifies farmland bird trends and uses them as a proxy for wider farmlandbiodiversity health. This study analyzed the potential impacts of future Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)land uses on the abundances of the 20 farmland bird species included in the French FBI. Four agricul-tural policy scenarios were studied using the Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact analysis(CAPRI) agricultural model. These four scenarios describe the most likely changes in crop areas and includeregional bird population data from the French Breeding Bird Survey. A habitat association model was usedto predict the potential effects that changes to five crop categories, as well as the total arable area, wouldhave on species indices and the FBI. Our study demonstrates that the relative abundances of specialistfarmland bird species depend on both crop cover type and the total crop area. Model predictions show ageneral decline in the abundance of farmland birds between 2007 and 2020. However, the loss of farmlandbirds is predicted to be less pronounced in the ‘CAP Greening’ scenario, although the predicted FBI valueshave relatively large errors. Moreover, whatever the forecasted CAP, such uniform agricultural changesdo not affect bird populations or the FBI equally across all regions. The FBI’s geographical variability inresponse to applied agricultural changes clearly indicates that a nationwide policy will not yield equalresults but will instead depend on where in the country the agricultural changes occur. To optimize theeffectiveness of the CAP on biodiversity at the national and continental levels, policies should be tested atsmaller spatial levels, such as regions or farmlands, and then, the policies that represent the best optionsfor biodiversity at these sublevels should be combined to create a national plan

Sustainable biofuels and chemicals production using ionic liquids

International audienc

Monitoring canopy bird activity in disturbed landscapes with automatic recorders: A case study in the tropics

Tropical forests are facing threats that may affect the dynamics of seed dispersers which participate in the forest regeneration. To implement appropriate conservation programs, it appears necessary to monitor seed dispersers and to estimate their response to local changes. Here, we used non-invasive ecoacoustic methods to monitor the activity of a canopy bird, the White-throated toucan, Ramphastos tucanus, a major seed disperser and flagship species of the Amazonian forest. We deployed nine acoustic recorders over 29 days along a road that connects French Guiana to Brazil. We used template matching to automatically detect the vocalizations of R. tucanus. This method, which can easily be repeated with limited human expertise, detected 1748 recordings with R. tucanus vocalizations. A GLMM analysis was applied to test for a possible effect of habitat type and human activity, while accounting for time of the day and rainfall. The number of vocalizations varied according to time of the day with peaks at dawn and dusk. The number of vocalizations did not differ significantly among sites, they were not affected by habitat type, and they were only marginally influenced by human activity. These results indicate that the vocal activity of a key conservation species can be monitored automatically in a non-invasive way. The species targeted, R. tucanus, does not seem to be significantly impacted by the road and local human activity. This might be related to the mobility of the species, which can easily cross the road, as well as low local forestry pressure