From novel to film : a study of To have and have not

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze in depth the three versions of To Have and Have Not, the novel written by Ernest Hemingway, the screenplay written by Jules Furthman and William Faulkner and the film directed by Howard Hawks. It is not, however, a presentation of three separate studies focusing on the works alone. Instead, an attempt is made to deal with the three great creative personalities involved as contributors to a final art form which is the film. An attempt is made to bring to the study a general understanding of the other works of each, with consideration both of general philosophy and thematic content and more specific aspects of technique and style. With that general understanding as background, the film is analyzed and the attempt made to delineate elements within it especially characteristic of its three major contributors. Other artists, especially actor Humphrey Bogart, are also considered. The studio system as it existed in Hollywood in 1944 which, because of its power, had a great influence on the making of the film, is also described

PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. Methods All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. Results A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. Conclusion Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions. </jats:sec

Practicing women: the matter of women in medieval England

This essay provides a survey of women in medieval English literature through the lens of the various ways matter signifies for an understanding of the representation of women in literature of the period and their identity as authors. The Aristotelian cultural assumption that women are associated with matter rather than form profoundly influences the ways in which women are represented in medieval literary works. That cultural assumption is unsettled by the changing material conditions of women in late medieval England and even further complicated when women become authorial subjects. Finally, textual representations are materially influenced by the increasingly prominent role women play in the production and consumption of texts

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity