1,226 research outputs found
Detecting Data Races Caused by Inconsistent Lock Protection in Device Drivers
International audienceData races are often hard to detect in device drivers, due to the non-determinism of concurrent execution. According to our study of Linux driver patches that fix data races, more than 38% of patches involve a pattern that we call inconsistent lock protection. Specifically, if a variable is accessed within two concurrently executed functions, the sets of locks held around each access are disjoint, at least one of the locksets is non-empty, and at least one of the involved accesses is a write, then a data race may occur.In this paper, we present a runtime analysis approach, named DILP, to detect data races caused by inconsistent lock protection in device drivers. By monitoring driver execution, DILP collects the information about runtime variable accesses and executed functions. Then after driver execution, DILP analyzes the collected information to detect and report data races caused by inconsistent lock protection. We evaluate DILP on 12 device drivers in Linux 4.16.9, and find 25 real data races
Accelerating In-Browser Deep Learning Inference on Diverse Edge Clients through Just-in-Time Kernel Optimizations
Web applications are increasingly becoming the primary platform for AI
service delivery, making in-browser deep learning (DL) inference more
prominent. However, current in-browser inference systems fail to effectively
utilize advanced web programming techniques and customize kernels for various
client devices, leading to suboptimal performance.
To address the issues, this paper presents the first in-browser inference
system, nn-JIT.web, which enables just-in-time (JIT) auto-generation of
optimized kernels for both CPUs and GPUs during inference. The system achieves
this by using two novel web programming techniques that can significantly
reduce kernel generation time, compared to other tensor compilers such as TVM,
while maintaining or even improving performance. The first technique,
Tensor-Web Compiling Co-Design, lowers compiling costs by unifying tensor and
web compiling and eliminating redundant and ineffective compiling passes. The
second technique, Web-Specific Lite Kernel Optimization Space Design, reduces
kernel tuning costs by focusing on web programming requirements and efficient
hardware resource utilization, limiting the optimization space to only dozens.
nn-JIT.web is evaluated for modern transformer models on a range of client
devices, including the mainstream CPUs and GPUs from ARM, Intel, AMD and
Nvidia. Results show that nn-JIT.web can achieve up to 8.2x faster within 30
seconds compared to the baselines across various models
Oxidative cyclization of N-acylhydrazones. Development of highly selective turn-on fluorescent chemodosimeters for Cu2+
A series of N-acylhydrazones were synthesised and found to be "turn-on" fluorescent chemodosimeters for Cu2+. Among the tested transition metal ions such as Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Ni2+, a prominent fluorescence enhancement of up to 1000-fold was only observed for Cu2+ in acetonitrile (CH3CN). This was indicated by an onset of unprecedented structured emission. Detailed experiments established that the highly Cu2+ selective fluorescence enhancement resulted from an oxidative cyclization by Cu2+ of the originally non fluorescent N-acylhydrazones into highly fluorescent rigid 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, n-dope type blocks in optoelectronic materials. The chemodosimeters can be applied to sense Cu2+ at nM levels in CH3CN and sub-mu M levels in neutral aqueous environments, despite a slower response in the latter case. It is expected that these redox-based chemodosimeters might be of general applicability.NSFC of China [20425518, 20675069]; NFFTBS [J0630429]; Ministry of Education (MOE) of Chin
Cutaneous immunoprofiles of three spotted fever group Rickettsia cases
Spotted fever group rickettsia (SFGR) can cause mild to fatal illness. The
early interaction between the host and rickettsia in skin is largely unknown, and the
pathogenesis of severe rickettsiosis remains an important topic. A surveillance of
SFGR infection by PCR of blood and skin biopsy specimens followed by sequencing
and immunohistochemical (IHC) detection was performed on patients with a recent
tick bite between 2013 and 2016. Humoral and cutaneous immunoprofiles were
evaluated in different SFGR cases by serum cytokine and chemokine detection, skin
IHC staining, and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 111 SFGR cases
were identified, including 79 “Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae,” 22 Rickettsia raoultii,
8 Rickettsia sibirica, and 2 Rickettsia heilongjiangensis cases. The sensitivity to detect
SFGR in skin biopsy specimens (9/24, 37.5%) was significantly higher than that
in blood samples (105/2,671, 3.9%) (P 0.05). As early as 1 day after the tick bite,
rickettsiae could be detected in the skin. R. sibirica infection was more severe than
“Ca. Rickettsia” and R. raoultii infections. Increased levels of serum interleukin-18 (IL-
18), IP10, and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) and decreased levels of
IL-2 were observed in febrile patients infected with R. sibirica compared to those infected
with “Ca. Rickettsia.” RNA-seq and IHC staining could not discriminate between
SFGR-infected and uninfected tick bite skin lesions. However, the type I interferon
(IFN) response was differently expressed between R. sibirica and R. raoultii
infections at the cutaneous interface. It is concluded that skin biopsy specimens
were more reliable for the detection of SFGR infection in human patients although
the immunoprofile may be complicated by immunomodulators induced by the tick
bite.The Natural Science Foundation of China (81621005 and 81773492) and the State Key Research Development Program of China (2016YFC 1200301).https://iai.asm.orgam2020Veterinary Tropical Disease
Alga-made anti-Hepatitis B antibody binds to human Fcγ receptors.
Microalgae are unicellular eukaryotic organisms which represent an emerging alternative to other cell biofactories commonly used to produce monoclonal antibodies. Microalgae display several biotechnological advantages such as their rapid growth rate and their phototrophic lifestyle allowing low production costs as protein expression is solar-fueled. Recently, a fully assembled recombinant IgG antibody directed against Hepatitis B surface antigen is produced and secreted in the culture medium of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. A biochemical characterization of this recombinant antibody demonstrated that the Asn-297 is N-glycosylated by oligomannosides. In the immune system, antibodies interact with effector molecules and cells through their Fc part and the recognition of Fcγ receptors (FcγR) which are important for inducing phagocytosis of opsonized microbes. Interactions between IgG and FcγR are influenced by the N-glycan structures present on the Asn-297. In this study, the authors characterized the binding capacity of the anti-hepatitis B recombinant IgG produced in P. tricornutum to two human Fcγ receptors (FcγRI and IIIa) using a cellular binding assay and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This allowed us to demonstrate that the alga-made antibody is able to bind FcγRI with a reduced affinity and engages FcyRIIIa with 3-times higher affinity compared to a control human IgG1
Cortex phellodendri
Cortex phellodendri is used to reduce fever and remove dampness and toxin. Berberine is an active ingredient of C. phellodendri. Berberine from Argemone ochroleuca can relax airway smooth muscle (ASM); however, whether the nonberberine component of C. phellodendri has similar relaxant action was unclear. An n-butyl alcohol extract of C. phellodendri (NBAECP, nonberberine component) was prepared, which completely inhibits high K+- and acetylcholine- (ACH-) induced precontraction of airway smooth muscle in tracheal rings and lung slices from control and asthmatic mice, respectively. The contraction induced by high K+ was also blocked by nifedipine, a selective blocker of L-type Ca2+ channels. The ACH-induced contraction was partially inhibited by nifedipine and pyrazole 3, an inhibitor of TRPC3 and STIM/Orai channels. Taken together, our data demonstrate that NBAECP can relax ASM by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels and TRPC3 and/or STIM/Orai channels, suggesting that NBAECP could be developed to a new drug for relieving bronchospasm
Partial Wave Analysis of
BES data on are presented. The
contribution peaks strongly near threshold. It is fitted with a
broad resonance with mass MeV, width MeV. A broad resonance peaking at 2020 MeV is also required
with width MeV. There is further evidence for a component
peaking at 2.55 GeV. The non- contribution is close to phase
space; it peaks at 2.6 GeV and is very different from .Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, Submitted to PL
A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes
Measurement of the Inclusive Charm Cross Section at 4.03 GeV and 4.14 GeV
The cross section for charmed meson production at and 4.14
GeV has been measured with the Beijing Spectrometer. The measurement was made
using 22.3 of data collected at 4.03 GeV and 1.5
of data collected at 4.14 GeV. Inclusive observed cross sections for
the production of charged and neutral D mesons and momentum spectra are
presented. Observed cross sections were radiatively corrected to obtain tree
level cross sections. Measurements of the total hadronic cross section are
obtained from the charmed meson cross section and an extrapolation of results
from below the charm threshold.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures. The top level tex file is paper.tex. It builds
the paper from other tex files in this .tar and the .eps file
Measurement of the Total Cross Section for Hadronic Production by e+e- Annihilation at Energies between 2.6-5 Gev
Using the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer (BESII), we have measured the total
cross section for annihilation into hadronic final states at
center-of-mass energies of 2.6, 3.2, 3.4, 3.55, 4.6 and 5.0 GeV. Values of ,
, are determined.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
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