How Do Modeling Choices and Erosion Zone Locations Impact the Representation of Connectivity and the Dynamics of Suspended Sediments in a Multi-Source Soil Erosion Model?

[Abstract] Soil erosion and suspended sediment transport understanding is an important issue in terms of soil and water resources management in the critical zone. In mesoscale watersheds (>10 km2) the spatial distribution of potential sediment sources within the catchment associated with rainfall dynamics is considered to be the main factor in the observed suspended sediment flux variability within and between runoff events. Given the high spatial heterogeneity that can exist for such scales of interest, distributed physically based models of soil erosion and sediment transport are powerful tools to distinguish the specific effect of structural and functional connectivity on suspended sediment flux dynamics. As the spatial discretization of a model and its parameterization can crucially influence how the structural connectivity of the catchment is represented in the model, this study analyzed the impact of modeling choices in terms of the contributing drainage area (CDA) threshold to define the river network and of Manning's roughness parameter (n) on the sediment flux variability at the outlet of two geomorphologically distinct watersheds. While the modeled liquid and solid discharges were found to be sensitive to these choices, the patterns of the modeled source contributions remained relatively similar when the CDA threshold was restricted to the range of 15 to 50 ha, with n restricted to the range 0.4–0.8 on the hillslopes and to 0.025–0.075 in the river. The comparison of the two catchments showed that the actual location of sediment sources was more important than the choices made during discretization and parameterization of the model. Among the various structural connectivity indicators used to describe the geological sources, the mean distance to the stream was the most relevant proxy for the temporal characteristics of the modeled sedigraphs.Francia. Agence Nationale de la Recherche; ANR-11-EQPX-0011This research has been supported by the Draix Bléone and OHMCV long-term observatories, funded by the National Institute of Science of the Universe, for access to datasets and the OZCAR research infrastructure (grant no. ANR-11-EQPX-0011)

Astrophysical Tests of Dark Matter with Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer

We discuss how astrophysical observations with the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE), a high-multiplexity (about 4300 fibers), wide field-of-view (1.5 square degree), large telescope aperture (11.25 m) facility, can probe the particle nature of dark matter. MSE will conduct a suite of surveys that will provide critical input for determinations of the mass function, phase-space distribution, and internal density profiles of dark matter halos across all mass scales. N-body and hydrodynamical simulations of cold, warm, fuzzy and self-interacting dark matter suggest that non-trivial dynamics in the dark sector could have left an imprint on structure formation. Analysed within these frameworks, the extensive and unprecedented datasets produced by MSE will be used to search for deviations away from cold and collisionless dark matter model. MSE will provide an improved estimate of the local density of dark matter, critical for direct detection experiments, and will improve estimates of the J-factor for indirect searches through self-annihilation or decay into Standard Model particles. MSE will determine the impact of low mass substructures on the dynamics of Milky Way stellar streams in velocity space, and will allow for estimates of the density profiles of the dark matter halos of Milky Way dwarf galaxies using more than an order of magnitude more tracers. In the low redshift Universe, MSE will provide critical redshifts to pin down the luminosity functions of vast numbers of satellite systems, and MSE will be an essential component of future strong lensing measurements to constrain the halo mass function. Across nearly all mass scales, the improvements offered by MSE, in comparison to other facilities, are such that the relevant analyses are limited by systematics rather than statistics.Comment: 44 pages, 19 figures. To appear as a chapter for "The Detailed Science Case for the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer, 2019

HyMeX: A 10-Year Multidisciplinary Program on the Mediterranean Water Cycle

Drobinski, P. ... et. al.-- 20 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, supplement material http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/suppl/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00244.1HyMeX strives to improve our understanding of the Mediterranean water cycle, its variability from the weather-scale events to the seasonal and interannual scales, and its characteristics over one decade (2010–20), with a special focus on hydrometeorological extremes and the associated social and economic vulnerability of the Mediterranean territoriesHyMeX was developed by an international group of scientists and is currently funded by a large number of agencies. It has been the beneficiary of financial contributions from CNRS; Météo-France; CNES; IRSTEA; INRA; ANR; Collectivité Territoriale de Corse; KIT; CNR; Université de Toulouse; Grenoble Universités; EUMETSAT; EUMETNET; AEMet; Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand; Université de la Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille II); Université Montpellier 2; CETEMPS; Italian Civil Protection Department; Université Paris- Sud 11; IGN; EPFL; NASA; New Mexico Tech; IFSTTAR; Mercator Ocean; NOAA; ENEA; TU Delft; CEA; ONERA; IMEDEA; SOCIB; ETH; MeteoCat; Consorzio LAMMA; IRD; National Observatory of Athens; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; CIMA; BRGM; Wageningen University and Research Center; Department of Geophysics, University of Zagreb; Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia; INGV; OGS; Maroc Météo; DHMZ; ARPA Piemonte; ARPA-SIMC Emilia-Romagna; ARPA Calabria; ARPA Friuli Venezia Giulia; ARPA Liguria; ISPRA; University of Connecticut; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; Università di Bologna; Università degli Studi di Torino; Università degli Studi della Basilicata; Università La Sapienza di Roma; Università degli Studi di Padova; Università del Salento; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; MeteoSwiss; and DLR. It also received support from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (e.g., PERSEUS, CLIM-RUN)Peer reviewe

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Gazel and Claduègne hydro-sedimentary stations

Metadata describing the dataset which can be accessed via this link:https://ohm-cv.osug.fr/download:993This dataset is part of the Cevennes‐Vivarais Mediterranean Hydrometeorological Observatory (OHMCV

Runoff and erosion plots, Pradel

Metadata describing the dataset which can be accessed via this link:https://ohm-cv.osug.fr/download:1347Runoff was collected in the bottom part of the hillslope. The water depth was measured every minute with a 1 mm resolution using a limnimeter (OTT Thalimede) within a H-flume designed following the US Soil Conservation Service recommendations. The stage-discharge rating curve was built experimentally and allowed to calculate discharge with a median relative uncertainty of 10%. A sequential sampler containing 24 bottles of 1 l capacity sampled water and eroded particles within the H-flume. When critical thresholds of water depth or water depth variation were exceeded, the data logger triggered the sampling of water and eroded particles. Thus, the time intervals between each two samples were irregular, depending on the shape of the hydrograph. The suspended sediment concentrations were estimated by weighting the water samples after drying them during 24 h at 105 °C with a median relative uncertainty of 15%

Streamflow monitoring at high temporal resolution based on non-contact instruments in the Galabre river (Southern pre-Alps, France)

This dataset was published as a supplement to an article submitted the 15/03/2024 to the journal Water Resources Research entitled "Streamflow monitoring at high temporal resolution based on non-contact instruments in a river prone to bathymetric shifts"We provide a dataset for calculating streamflow in a river of the Southern pre-Alps in France over the period October 2018 to May 2021. The river is called the Galabre and is a tributary of the Bès, which in turn is a tributary of the Bléone. The hydrometric station, so-called RIPLE, which incorporates non-contact instruments, was described in detail by Nord et al (2020). It was installed at a site subject to frequent bathymetric changes, 2.5 km downstream of a historic hydrometric station called « La Robine », at the "Galabre" site of the Draix-Bléone observatory (https://draixbleone.osug.fr/). The dataset combines high-frequency monitoring (every 10 minutes) of water level and surface water velocity using radar, ground-based bathymetric surveys, video sequences recorded by fixed camera with velocity fields obtained using the Fudaa-LSPIV software (https://forge.irstea.fr/projects/fudaa-lspiv), and the results of theoretical models of velocity field distribution in the river section. Nord, G., Michielin, Y., Biron, R., Esteves, M., Freche, G., Geay, T., et al. (2020). An autonomous low-power instrument platform for monitoring water and solid discharges in mesoscale rivers. Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 9(1), 41–67. https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-41-202

Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter IQ Plus, Claduègne

Metadata describing the dataset which can be accessed via this link:https://ohm-cv.osug.fr/download:1349This dataset is part of the Cevennes‐Vivarais Mediterranean Hydrometeorological Observatory (OHMCV

limnimeter network, Gazel and Claduègne catchments

Metadata describing the dataset which can be accessed via this link:https://ohm-cv.osug.fr/download:994This dataset is part of the Cevennes‐Vivarais Mediterranean Hydrometeorological Observatory (OHMCV