Deconfining Phase Transition as a Matrix Model of Renormalized Polyakov Loops

We discuss how to extract renormalized from bare Polyakov loops in SU(N) lattice gauge theories at nonzero temperature in four spacetime dimensions. Single loops in an irreducible representation are multiplicatively renormalized without mixing, through a renormalization constant which depends upon both representation and temperature. The values of renormalized loops in the four lowest representations of SU(3) were measured numerically on small, coarse lattices. We find that in magnitude, condensates for the sextet and octet loops are approximately the square of the triplet loop. This agrees with a large $N$ expansion, where factorization implies that the expectation values of loops in adjoint and higher representations are just powers of fundamental and anti-fundamental loops. For three colors, numerically the corrections to the large $N$ relations are greatest for the sextet loop, $\leq 25$; these represent corrections of $\sim 1/N$ for N=3. The values of the renormalized triplet loop can be described by an SU(3) matrix model, with an effective action dominated by the triplet loop. In several ways, the deconfining phase transition for N=3 appears to be like that in the $N=\infty$ matrix model of Gross and Witten.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures; v2, 27 pages, 12 figures, extended discussion for clarity, results unchange

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

An integrative multi-omics analysis to identify candidate DNA methylation biomarkers related to prostate cancer risk

It remains elusive whether some of the associations identified in genome-wide association studies of prostate cancer (PrCa) may be due to regulatory effects of genetic variants on CpG sites, which may further influence expression of PrCa target genes. To search for Cp

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 10^3 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

General formalism of vibronic Hamiltonians for tetrahedral and octahedral systems: Problems that involve A-type states and a-type vibrations

In this work, we derive expansion formulas up to arbitrary order in vibrational coordinates for the tetrahedral and octahedral vibronic Hamiltonians that involve A-type states and a-type vibrations. The root-branch approach and modularized approach enable us to derive vibronic Hamiltonians including up to two vibrational modes for 5 problems in T symmetry and 92 problems in Td symmetry within one paper. These formulas can be easily adapted to problems of Th,O, and Oh symmetries. Finishing this work, we have derived general vibronic Hamiltonians for all unimodal and bimodal Jahn-Teller and pseudo-Jahn-Teller problems of cubic group systems. These bimodal formulas can be extended to cover problems that involve more than two modes

VHEGEN: A vibronic Hamiltonian expansion generator for trigonal and tetragonal polyatomic systems

An increasing number of studies in Jahn–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller effects have revealed the importance of vibronic Hamiltonians with high order expansions in vibrational coordinates. This motivates us to present VHEGEN (V-ibronic H-amiltonian E-xpansion GEN-erator), a Python package that is capable of symbolically generating arbitrarily high order expansion formulas for the vibronic Hamiltonians. The program covers all >6000 bimodal Jahn–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller problems in trigonal and tetragonal symmetries. The generated expansions are correct, complete, and concise. VHEGEN is a useful program for future studies in Jahn–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller effects. Program summary: Program Title: VHEGEN Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/7t5p6snkd7.1 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: Python Nature of problem: Obtaining correct, complete, and concise high-order expansions of Jahn–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller Hamiltonians in a case-by-case manner is a laborious and error-prone task. Solution method: We present a Python package to automate the utilization of our recently developed formalisms in obtaining any possible trigonal and tetragonal bimodal (pseudo-)Jahn–Teller vibronic Hamiltonian expanded to arbitrary order in vibrational coordinates

General formalism for vibronic Hamiltonians in tetragonal symmetry and beyond

We derive general expansion formulas in vibrational coordinates for all bimodal Jahn-Teller and pseudo-Jahn-Teller Hamiltonians in tetragonal symmetry. Symmetry information of all the vibronic Hamiltonian matrix elements is fully carried by up to only 4 eigenvalues of symmetry operators. This problem-to-eigenvalue reduction enables us to handle thousands of vibronic problems in one work. The derived bimodal formulas can be easily extended to cover problems with one or more than two vibrational modes. They lay a solid foundation for future vibronic coupling studies of tetragonal systems. More importantly, the efficient derivation can be applied to handle (pseudo-)Jahn-Teller Hamiltonians for all problems with one principal symmetry axis