93 research outputs found
Perception is reality... how digital retail environments influence brand perceptions through presence
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 05/10/2020
- Field of study
Who is the average patient presenting with prostate cancer?
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akram Pourshams
- Alain Morejon
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alibek Mereke
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Ana Jelaković
- Ana Maria B Menezes
- Ana Paula C Cândido
- Anar Dushpanova
- Anders Grøntved
- Andre P Kengne
- Andrea Gazzinelli
- Andrea R V R Horimoto
- Andrea Y Rodríguez
- Andreia N Pizarro
- Andrew Kingston
- Andrew Wong
- Andrzej Więcek
- Angel R Gonzalez
- Anil Poudyal
- Anjani Kumar Jha
- Anna Bugge
- Anna G Iannone
- Annamari Lundqvist
- Anne Taylor
- Anneke Blokstra
- Annika Rosengren
- Anselmo J Mc Donald Posso
- Anthony Kafatos
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Antonio Cabrera de León
- Antonis Zampelas
- Antonisamy Belavendra
- Anu Mishra
- Anup Ghimire
- Anwar M Batieha
- Archie W Rayner
- Areti Triantafyllou
- Ari Voutilainen
- Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Arsalan Khaledifar
- Aryeh D Stein
- Asher Fawwad
- Augustin F Beybey
- Augustine N Odili
- Aung Soe Htet
- Avula Laxmaiah
- Axel C Carlsson
- Aya Mostafa
- Aye Aye Sein
- Azaliia M Tuliakova
- Azim Nejatizadeh
- Badreya Al-Lahou
- Bagher Larijani
- Bahareh Kheiri
- Bahman Cheraghian
- Bakary Jallow
- Balkish M Naidu
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Beatriz D Schaan
- Behrooz Hamzeh
- Bekbolat Zholdin
- Ben Schöttker
- Benoit Salanave
- Bernard Maire
- Bernardo L Horta
- Bert-Jan van den Born
- Bharathi Viswanathan
- Bihungum Bista
- Bill Stavreski
- Bin Zhou
- Bogdan Wojtyniak
- Bojan Jelaković
- Calvin Ke
- Carl Lachat
- Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani
- Caroline H Fall
- Carsten O Schmidt
- Catherine Kyobutungi
- Catterina Ferreccio
- Cecilia Björkelund
- Cézane P Reuter
- Charles Agyemang
- Charles K Mondo
- Charlotte B Ottendahl
- Charmaine A Duante
- Chiara Donfrancesco
- Chinwuba Ijoma
- Chongjian Wang
- Chris Cowell
- Chris J Paciorek
- Christa Scheidt-Nave
- Christin Heidemann
- Christina Howitt
- Christophe Tzourio
- Chung T Nguyen
- Cihangir Erem
- Claudia Hormiga
- Cláudia S Minderico
- Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Clive Osmond
- Cyrus Cooper
- Daan Kromhout
- Dalia Luksiene
- Damian K Francis
- Daniel A Rangel Reina
- Daniel Fernández-Bergés
- Daniel Lemogoum
- David A Gonzalez-Chica
- David Flood
- David Goltzman
- Davide Noto
- Davood Khalili
- Deena Al Asfoor
- Deepak N Amarapurkar
- Demetre Labadarios
- Denise Eldemire-Shearer
- Dénes Molnár
- Diana A Santos
- Diane T Meto
- Dianna J Magliano
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Diego Vanuzzo
- Dirk Vanderschueren
- Dolores S Andrade
- Dominique Hange
- Dušan Grafnetter
- Duygu Islek
- Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Ebrahim Ghaderi
- Edith J M Feskens
- Eduardo Capuano
- Edward F Fottrell
- Edward Janus
- Edward W Gregg
- Eero O Kajantie
- Elaine Dennison
- Eldridge Ferrer
- Eleonora d'Orsi
- Elisabeth M van Zutphen
- Elisabetta L Romeo
- Ellina M Iakupova
- Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Elnaz Faramarzi
- Elysée Claude Bika Lele
- Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk
- Eman Aly
- Emanuel Zitt
- Emily B Wong
- Emmanuel Cohen
- Emmanuella Magriplis
- Enguerran Macia
- Enzo Manzato
- Erfan Ghasemi
- Eric Monterrubio-Flores
- Erik J Timmermans
- Eruke E Egbagbe
- Espen Bjertness
- Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Eugène Sobngwi
- Eunice Ugel
- Evangelia Tzala
- Fabián Méndez
- Fadi J Charchar
- Fadia AlBuhairan
- Farahnaz Joukar
- Farbod Alinezhad
- Farhad Moradpour
- Farhad Pourfarzi
- Farhad Zamani
- Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Farid Najafi
- Farshad Farzadfar
- Fatemeh Malekzadeh
- Felipe F Casanueva
- Felipe V Cureau
- Felix K Assah
- Fereidoun Azizi
- Fernando Rigo
- Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Flavio Nervi
- Flora A M Ukoli
- Flora Bacopoulou
- Francesco Gianfagna
- Francesco Panza
- Francisco J Felix-Redondo
- François F Kaze
- Frank Buntinx
- Frank Claessens
- Freda Pitakaka
- Frederic Gottrand
- Frederick C Wu
- G K Mini
- Gabriel M Leung
- Gabriele Nagel
- Garry Jennings
- Garry R Brian
- Georg Lappas
- George L L Machado-Coelho
- Giovanni de Gaetano
- Giuseppina Imperatore
- Gladys E Maestre
- Glen Gironella
- Godsent C Isiguzo
- Gonzalo Valdivia
- Goodarz Danaei
- Gowri Mahasampath
- Graziella D'Arrigo
- Grazyna Jasienska
- Gretchen A Stevens
- Guanghui Dong
- Guillermo Frontera
- Gul Ergor
- Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
- Günay Can
- Gyulli M Kazakbaeva
- Habiba Ben Romdhane
- Haiquan Xu
- Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri
- Halima Al-Hinai
- Hamid Hakimi
- Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Hana Shimizu-Furusawa
- Hanan F Abdul Rahim
- Hanna K Tolonen
- Hanno Ulmer
- Hannu M T Uusitalo
- Hans Concin
- Haroldo S Ferreira
- Harshpal S Sachdev
- Hashem Y Jaddou
- Heba M Fouad
- Hedley K Quintana
- Heidi Klakk
- Helen Gonçalves
- Heloísa Bettiol
- Herman Borghs
- Hermann Brenner
- Hiep Hoang Phan
- Hoang Van Minh
- Holger Theobald
- Hossein Poustchi
- Hsien-Ho Lin
- Huashuai Chen
- Husam F Alomirah
- Hyeon Chang Kim
- Hynek Pikhart
- Ian R Hambleton
- Ildar Fakhradiyev
- Ilona Nenko
- Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi
- Imelda A Agdeppa
- Imperia Brajkovich
- Indah S Widyahening
- Indrapal I Meshram
- Inge Huybrechts
- Iraj Mohebbi
- Iraj Nabipour
- Irene G M van Valkengoed
- Irfan Nuhoğlu
- Ivan Pećin
- J Jaime Miranda
- Jaakko Mursu
- Jacek Jóźwiak
- Jacqueline Ramke
- Jakub Stokwiszewski
- Jalila El Ati
- James E Bennett
- Jan A Staessen
- Jana Klanova
- Jana Námešná
- Jane D P Renner
- Janne S Tolstrup
- Jardena J Puder
- Jari J Jokelainen
- Javad Aghazadeh-Attari
- Javad Harooni
- Jawad A Al-Lawati
- Jean Claude N Mbanya
- Jean Dallongeville
- Jelena Kos
- Jeremy M Jacobs
- Jerzy Chudek
- Jesus D Melgarejo
- Jesus Vioque
- Jie Hao
- Joany Mariño
- João M Pedro
- Jochanan Stessman
- Johan G Eriksson
- Johan Sundström
- Johan Van der Heyden
- Johann Willeit
- Johanna A Otero
- John Tuitele
- Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer
- Jonathan E Shaw
- Jorge Motta
- Jose G Boggia
- Jose Sánchez-Abanto
- Josep Redon
- José Eugenio Lozano
- José María Huerta
- José R Banegas
- Josipa Josipović
- Jost B Jonas
- Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Jouko L Saramies
- Juan Francisco Miquel
- Juan J Cruz
- Juan P González-Rivas
- Judith Simons
- Juha Auvinen
- Jukka T Salonen
- Julie Taylor
- Julio Zuñiga Cisneros
- Jun Hata
- Jussi Kauhanen
- Jürgen König
- Jyrki K Virtanen
- K M Venkat Narayan
- K R Thankappan
- Kai-Uwe Saum
- Kairat Davletov
- Kamarul Imran Musa
- Kamel Ajlouni
- Karen Morgan
- Karen Sparrenberger
- Karen Webster-Kerr
- Karien Stronks
- Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Kate E Sheffer
- Katia V Bloch
- Kazem Mohammad
- Kazi M Jamil
- Kelias P Msyamboza
- Kenneth James
- Khairil Si-Ramlee
- Khem B Karki
- Kirsten Mehlig
- Kishwar Azad
- Ko Ko Zaw
- Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao
- Krishna K Aryal
- Kurt Widhalm
- Kyungwon Oh
- Lachmie Lall
- Larissa Pruner Marques
- Lars Bo Andersen
- Lars Lind
- Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar
- Laura Censi
- Laura Gutierrez
- Laura Torres-Collado
- Lauren Lissner
- Leanne M Riley
- Leila Houti
- Lekhraj Rampal
- Lena Barrera
- Lenie van Rossem
- Leo D Westbury
- Leon A Simons
- Lèlita C Santos
- Li Yan
- Liam Smeeth
- Liang Xu
- Licia Iacoviello
- Lizzy M Brewster
- Louise A Baur
- Louise Eriksen
- Louise Robinson
- Lucie Viet
- Luigi Palmieri
- Luis A Moreno
- Luis B Sardinha
- Luis P Mascarenhas
- Luis Revilla
- Luisa M Macieira
- Lynell V Maniego
- M Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Maciej Banach
- Maciej Tomaszewski
- Magda Gasull
- Mahboubeh Parsaeian
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Maja Baretić
- Majid Ezzati
- Malgorzata Mossakowska
- Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Marcia Makdisse
- Marcia Scazufca
- Marcin Rutkowski
- Marcus Dörr
- Margus Punab
- Maria Dorobantu
- Maria Forsner
- Maria L Muiesan
- Maria Paula Santos
- Marialaura Bonaccio
- Mariana Sbaraini
- Marianna Noale
- Mariela Paoli
- Marika Ferrari
- Mario V Capanzana
- Marius B Bjertness
- María Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez
- María-Dolores Chirlaque
- María-Elena González-Villalpando
- Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Mark Woodward
- Markku Peltonen
- Marshall K Tulloch-Reid
- Martijn Huisman
- Martin Bobak
- Martino Laurenzi
- Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza
- Mary Simon
- Maryam A Aldwairji
- Maryam Keramati
- Maryam Sharafkhah
- Marzieh Katibeh
- Masanori Iwasaki
- Masimango Imani Mannix
- Masoud Masinaei
- Massimo Cirillo
- Massimo Salvetti
- Mathilde Kersting
- Mauer Gonçalves
- Maung Maung Than Htike
- Mária Avdičová
- Meda E Pavkov
- Meghnath Dhimal
- Melanie J Cowan
- Michael Knoflach
- Michael Sjöström
- Michael Y Ni
- Michala Lustigová
- Michel Jadoul
- Michelle Holdsworth
- Miguel Brito
- Mikhail Benet
- Mildrey Mosquera
- Milton F Suarez-Ortegón
- Miquel Porta
- Modou Cheyassin Phall
- Moein Yoosefi
- Mohamed Bamoshmoosh
- Mohamed M Ali
- Mohammad El-Khateeb
- Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh
- Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Mohammad Hossien Saghi
- Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Mohammad Reza Mirjalili
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Mohammad-Reza Malekpour
- Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh
- Mohan Deepa
- Mohannad Al Nsour
- Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Mojtaba Farjam
- Monira Alarouj
- Moslem Sedaghattalab
- Mostafa K Mohamed
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Motahareh Kheradmand
- Moyses Szklo
- Muel Telo M C Muyer
- Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff
- Mukharram M Bikbov
- Mukhtar Kulimbet
- Murat Topbas
- Nada Zoghlami
- Nader Saki
- Naděžda Čapková
- Nagalla Balakrishna
- Namuna Shrestha
- Nareemarn Neelapaichit
- Narges Ebrahimi
- Naser Ahmadi
- Nastaran Ahmadi
- Natasja M Van Schoor
- Nawal M Al Qaoud
- Negar Rezaei
- Nico Dragano
- Niels C Møller
- Niels Wedderkopp
- Nihal Thomas
- Nikhil D Patel
- Niloofar Peykari
- Nils Lehmann
- Nimmathota Arlappa
- Ningli Wang
- Nish Chaturvedi
- Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh
- Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Noor Ani Ahmad
- Nor Azwany Yaacob
- Norazizah Ibrahim Wong
- Norlaila Mustafa
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Novie O Younger-Coleman
- Nowell H Phelps
- Nuno Lunet
- Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea
- Obinna Onodugo
- Ofem Enang
- Olfa Saidi
- Olli Raitakari
- Oscar A Noboa
- Paibul Suriyawongpaisal
- Parinya Chamnan
- Pascal Bovet
- Patrick Kolsteren
- Paul Korrovits
- Paul Zimmet
- Paula Margozzini
- Pavel Piler
- Pawel Kurjata
- Pedro J Ortiz
- Pedro Ordunez
- Pedro Plans-Rubió
- Peng Nie
- Peter Bjerregaard
- Peter H Whincup
- Peter Lund Kristensen
- Peter Rohloff
- Peter Stehle
- Peter Ueda
- Peter Willeit
- Petra Rust
- Phalakorn Suebsamran
- Pierre Traissac
- Pietro A Modesti
- Piotr Bandosz
- Pradeep Joshi
- Priscilla Duboz
- Przemysław Slusarczyk
- Qian Wang
- Quang Ngoc La
- Quang Ngoc Nguyen
- Queenie Chan
- Rachakulla Hari Kumar
- Rachel A Heap
- Rafael Dos Santos Henrique
- Rafael N Pichardo
- Rafel Ramos
- Rahman Shiri
- Raija Korpelainen
- Raimund Erbel
- Raimund Pechlaner
- Rainford J Wilks
- Rajeev Gupta
- Rajendra Pradeepa
- Rajiv T Erasmus
- Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez
- Ramin Heshmat
- Ramiro Guerrero
- Ramon O Jimenez
- Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Reecha Sofat
- Reina G Roa
- Renata Cifkova
- René Charles Sylva
- Reynaldo Martorell
- Reza Homayounfar
- Reza Malekzadeh
- Reza Mohammadpourhodki
- Ricky Eddie
- Robert J Adams
- Roberta B Caixeta
- Roberto Elosua
- Rocco Capuano
- Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco
- Roger A Montenegro Mendoza
- Roger G Evans
- Ronel Sewpaul
- Roosmarijn Verstraeten
- Rosa Haghshenas
- Rosie K Singleton
- Roya Kelishadi
- Rui Ornelas
- Rui Providencia
- Ruzena Kubinova
- Ryutaro Ohtsuka
- S Goya Wannamethee
- Sabina Zambon
- Sabine Schipf
- Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Saeed Dastgiri
- Saeid Safiri
- Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Sai Yin Ho
- Salar Rahimikazerooni
- Salim Berkinbayev
- Salvador Villalpando
- Sandrine Fosse
- Sanja Šalaj
- Sanjay Rampal
- Sanjib K Sharma
- Santosh K Bhargava
- Sara Schramm
- Sarah Cuschieri
- Sarah P Garnett
- Sare Safi
- Sareh Eghtesad
- Sari Hantunen
- Sauli Herrala
- Senthil K Vasan
- Seppo Koskinen
- Sergio Viana Peixoto
- Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri
- Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran
- Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
- Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
- Shahla AlDhukair
- Shalkar Adambekov
- Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Shelly R McFarlane
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Sigmund A Anderssen
- Silvia Plata
- Simona Bo
- Simona Costanzo
- Simona Giampaoli
- Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Slawomir Koziel
- Snehalatha Chamukuttan
- Sofia Malyutina
- Soheir H Ahmed
- Sok King Ong
- Solie Puhakka
- Son Thai Pham
- Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Sophia J Kiechl
- Sounnia Mediene Benchekor
- Stefaan De Henauw
- Stefaan Demarest
- Stefan Kiechl
- Stefan Savin
- Stefan Söderberg
- Stefania Maggi
- Stephen T McGarvey
- Stephen Vander Hoorn
- Sudhir Kowlessur
- Susi Kriemler
- Suyeon Park
- Suzanne N Morin
- Sylvain Sebert
- Tahir Aris
- Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic
- Takafumi Ishida
- Take Naseri
- Takuro Furusawa
- Tamara R Santos
- Tandi E Matsha
- Tania Lopez
- Tania Tello
- Terence W O'Neill
- Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Terho Lehtimäki
- Thaliane Mayara Pessôa Dos Prazeres
- Thein Thein Htay
- Thet Thet Mu
- Tiffany K Gill
- Tiina Laatikainen
- Tiina Lankila
- Till Ittermann
- Tint Swe Latt
- Tom Wilsgaard
- Tomas Vega
- Tomasz Grodzicki
- Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Tran Quoc Bao
- Trevor S Ferguson
- Tuija Jääskeläinen
- Tze Pin Ng
- Ulla Roggenbuck
- Ulrike Gehring
- Unjali P Gujral
- Urho M Kujala
- Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Valérie Deschamps
- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vera Lanska
- Victor P F Lhoste
- Vilma E Irazola
- Vinay B Nangia
- Vincent DeGennaro Jr
- Vincenzo Capuano
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- Wilma M Hopman
- Wojciech Drygas
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yi Zeng
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yong Du
- Yosef Farzi
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan Lu
- Yunjiang Yu
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zivka Dika
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/11/2023
- Field of study
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- Author
- Aadahl Mette
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahluwalia Tarunveer S.
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- al-Safi Ismail Aziz
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala’a
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Asghari Golaleh
- Aspelund Thor
- Assunção Maria Cecília F.
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicová Mária
- Azevedo Ana
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José R.
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barceló Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A.
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benet Mikhail
- Benn Marianne
- Bennett James E.
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bhargava Santosh K.
- Bi Yufang
- Bienek Asako
- Bikbov Mukharram
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Björkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia V.
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Boehm Bernhard O.
- Boggia Jose G.
- Boissonnet Carlos P.
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Borchini Rossana
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M.
- Bruno Graziella
- Bugge Anna
- Busch Markus A.
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Can Günay
- Capanzana Mario V.
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardoso Viviane C.
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M.
- Carvalho Joana
- Casanueva Felipe F.
- Censi Laura
- Chadjigeorgiou Charalambos A.
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
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- Kyobutungi Catherine
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- Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon Wan
- Mohan Viswanathan
- Mohanna Salim
- Mohebbi Iraj
- Mohebi Farnam
- Moitry Marie
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- NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
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- Pereira Alexandre C.
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pham Son Thai
- Pichardo Rafael N.
- Pigeot Iris
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N.
- Plans-Rubió Pedro
- Plata Silvia
- Pohlabeln Hermann
- Porta Miquel
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- Poudyal Anil
- Pourfarzi Farhad
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- Ramos Elisabete
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- Rao Sudha Ramachandra
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- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
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- Rust Petra
- Rutkowski Marcin
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- Sachdev Harshpal S.
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safiri Saeid
- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salmerón Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
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- Salvetti Massimo
- Sans Susana
- Santaliestra-Pasías Alba M.
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- Schargrodsky Herman
- Scheidt-Nave Christa
- Schienkiewitz Anja
- Schipf Sabine
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- Schramm Sara
- Schöttker Ben
- Sebert Sylvain
- Sein Aye Aye
- Sen Abhijit
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Servais Jennifer
- Shakeri Ramin
- Shalnova Svetlana A.
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- Sharafkhah Maryam
- Sharma Sanjib K.
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- Shayanrad Amaneh
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- Shin Dong Wook
- Shin Youchan
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- Shrestha Namuna
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- Siantar Rosalynn
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- Skaaby Tea
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
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- Snijder Marieke B.
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Sonestedt Emily
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- Sozmen Kaan
- Sparrenberger Karen
- Staessen Jan A.
- Stathopoulou Maria G.
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- Stehle Peter
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- Stevanović Ranko
- Stevens Gretchen A.
- Stieber Jutta
- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Stöckl Doris
- Sun Chien-An
- Sundström Johan
- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
- Suárez-Medina Ramón
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- Sylva René Charles
- Szklo Moyses
- Sánchez-Abanto Jose
- Söderberg Stefan
- Sørensen Thorkild I. A.
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- Tai E. Shyong
- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
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- Taylor Julie
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- Tello Tania
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- Topór-Madry Roman
- Tormo María José
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- Torres-Collado Laura
- Traissac Pierre
- Trinh Oanh T. H.
- Truthmann Julia
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K.
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Tybjaerg-Hansen Anne
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
- Ugel Eunice
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- Unal Belgin
- Uusitalo Hannu M. T.
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Valvi Damaskini
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- Van Minh Hoang
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- Van Schoor Natasja M.
- van Valkengoed Irene G. M.
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varona-Pérez Patricia
- Vasan Senthil K.
- Vatten Lars
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Venero-Fernández Silvia J.
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren W. M. Monique
- Victora Cesar G.
- Vidiawati Dhanasari
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K.
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- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vollenweider Peter
- Voortman Trudy
- Voutilainen Ari
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N.
- Wagner Aline
- Walton Janette
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Wei Wenbin
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wijga Alet H.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yan Weili
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yeow Toh Peng
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zali Mohammad Reza
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhussupov Baurzhan
- Zoghlami Nada
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bennett James E
- Bentham James
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
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- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
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- Bista Bihungum
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- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
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- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
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- Burns Con
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- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
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- Dasgupta Parasmani
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- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
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- De Ridder David
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- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
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- Gaciong Zbigniew
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- Galbarczyk Andrzej
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- Gao Jingli
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- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
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- Hu Yonghua
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- Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
- Khaw Kay-Tee
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- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Khouw Ilse MSL
- Khuong Quynh Long
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- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria A
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriemler Susi
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- Krokstad Steiner
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- Kubinova Ruzena
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- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Laamiri Fatima Zahra
- Laatikainen Tiina
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- Laid Youcef
- Lam Tai Hing
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- Larijani Bagher
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- Lauria Laura
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- Litwin Mieczyslaw
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- Margozzini Paula
- Marina Loreto Santa
- Markaki Anastasia
- Markey Oonagh
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- Marrugat Jaume
- Martin Rosemarie
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- Mediene-Benchekor Sounnia
- Medzioniene Jurate
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- Mehrparvar Amir Houshang
- Meirhaeghe Aline
- Meisfjord Jorgen
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- Menzano Maria Teresa
- Mereke Alibek
- Meshram Indrapal I
- Metspalu Andres
- Mi Jie
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- Milanovic Sanja Music
- Milkowska Karolina
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- Miranda J Jaime
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- Mirjalili Mohammad Reza
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- Misigoj-Durakovic Marjeta
- Mistretta Antonio
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- Mohamed Shukri F
- Mohammad Kazem
- Mohammadi Zahra
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon Wan
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- Nguyen Chung T
- Nguyen Nguyen D
- Nieto-Martinez Ramfis E
- Nikitin Yury P
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- Norat Teresa
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- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
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- O'Reilly Dermot
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- Ochoa-Aviles Angelica M
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- Ohara Kumiko
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- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
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- Pahomova Elena
- Pajak Andrzej
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- Panza Francesco
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Park Soon-Woo
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- Parsaeian Mahboubeh
- Pascanu Ionela M
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- Peltonen Markku
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- Peterkova Valentina
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Petrauskiene Ausra
- Petrescu Constanta Huidumac
- Pettenuzzo Emanuela
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pichardo Rafael N
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pistelli Francesco
- Pitakaka Freda
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N
- Plans-Rubio Pedro
- Poh Bee Koon
- Pohlabeln Hermann
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- Popovic Stevo R
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- Porta Miquel
- Posch Georg
- Poudyal Anil
- Poulimeneas Dimitrios
- Pouraram Hamed
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- Qorbani Mostafa
- Quang Ngoc La
- Quang Ngoc Nguyen
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- Rahim Hanan F Abdul
- Rahim Norsyamlina Che Abdul
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- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mahmudur
- Raitakari Olli
- Raj Manu
- Rakhimova Ellina
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- Rampal Sanjay
- Rao Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
- Rao Sudha Ramachandra
- Rarra Vayia
- Rascon-Pacheco Ramon A
- Rasmussen Mette
- Rech Cassiano Ricardo
- Redon Josep
- Reganit Paul Ferdinand M
- Regecova Valeria
- Revilla Luis
- Rezaianzadeh Abbas
- Ribas-Barba Lourdes
- Ribeiro Robespierre
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- Rigo Fernando
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- Rinaldo Natascia
- Rito Ana
- Ritti-Dias Raphael M
- Rivera Juan A
- Robitaille Cynthia
- Roccaldo Romana
- Rodrigues Daniela
- Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando
- Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea
- Rodriguez-Perez Maria del Cristo
- Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura A
- Roggenbuck Ulla
- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
- Rojroongwasinkul Nipa
- Romaguera Dora
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- Rosario Angelika Schaffrath
- Rosario Rafaela V
- Rosengren Annika
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- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
- Rusakova Iuliia A
- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
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- Saavedra Maria Angeles Dal Re
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sacchini Elena
- Sachdev Harshpal S
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salmeron Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T
- Salvetti Massimo
- Samoutian Margarita
- Sanchez-Abanto Jose
- Sandjaja
- Sans Susana
- Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia
- Santos Diana A
- Santos Ina S
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- Santos Maria Paula
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- Santos Rute
- Sanz Sara Santos
- Saramies Jouko L
- Sardinha Luis B
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- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Saum Kai-Uwe
- Savin Stefan
- Savva Savvas
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- Simina Iulia Jurca
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- Sjoberg Agneta
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- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
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- Sobngwi Eugene
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- Soekatri Moesijanti YE
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- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
- Suarez-Medina Ramon
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- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
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- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
- Veronesi Giovanni
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- Vineis Paolo
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- Viswanathan Bharathi
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- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vocanec Dorja
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- Vrijheid Martine
- Vrijkotte Tanja GM
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N
- Wagner Aline
- Waldhor Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis OA
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
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- Whincup Peter H
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
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- Wilsgaard Tom
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- Wong Andrew
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdul Hamid Zargar
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Abhijit Sen
- Abla M Sibai
- Abu Am Hanif
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Adelheid Weber
- Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Adoubi Kassi Anicet
- Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agnes L Kadvan
- Agneta Sjöberg
- Agneta Yngve
- Agnès Le Port
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Agustín Perez-Londoño
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmad Reza Dorosty
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akkumis Salhanova
- Akram Pourshams
- Ala'a Alkerwi
- Alain Morejon
- Alanna G da Silva
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Alberto Palloni
- Albina A Fakhretdinova
- Alejandro Diaz
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Aletta E Schutte
- Alexander D Deev
- Alexandra M Cucu
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Siani
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Alicia Matijasevich
- Alina G Platonova
- Alina Kerimkulova
- Aline Meirhaeghe
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Alison J Hayes
- Alison J Price
- Allan G Hill
- Allan Linneberg
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Aluisio Jd Barros
- Alun Evans
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amanda J Cross
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amelia C Crampin
- Amina Barkat
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
- Ana Azevedo
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Ana Barradas-Pires
- Ana Carolina Mgn de Sá
- Ana D González-Alvarez
- Ana Henriques
- Ana I Rito
- Ana Jelaković
- Ana Maria B Menezes
- Ana P Ortiz
- Ana Paula C Cândido
- Anabela Mota-Pinto
- Anar Dushpanova
- Anastasia Markaki
- Anders Grøntved
- Andre L Guimaraes
- Andre P Kengne
- Andrea Gazzinelli
- Andrea Gualtieri
- Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez
- Andrea Rvr Horimoto
- Andrea Schneider
- Andrea Y Rodríguez
- Andrea Zentai
- Andreas Stang
- Andreia N Pizarro
- Andrew Kingston
- Andrew Reynolds
- Andrew Wong
- Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Andrzej Pająk
- Andrzej Więcek
- Anelise Reis Gaya
- Aneta Grajda
- Aneta Weres
- Anette Varbo
- Angel R Gonzalez
- Angela Chetrit
- Angela Döring
- Angela Spinelli
- Angelika Schaffrath Rosario
- Angelique Chan
- Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés
- Anie Marcil
- Anil Poudyal
- Anja L Madsen
- Anja Schienkiewitz
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Anna Bugge
- Anna Fijalkowska
- Anna Jansson
- Anna V Alieva
- Annamari Lundqvist
- Anne A Bjerregaard
- Anne Chinnock
- Anne Juolevi
- Anne Taylor
- Anne Tjonneland
- Anneke Blokstra
- Annette J Dobson
- Annette Peters
- Annika Rosengren
- Anthony Kafatos
- Antonia Trichopoulou
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Antonio Cabrera de León
- Antonio M Silva
- Antonio Mistretta
- Antonio Pedro Graça
- Antonio Prista
- Antonis Zampelas
- Antonisamy Belavendra
- Anu Mishra
- Anwar M Batieha
- Archie W Rayner
- Areti Triantafyllou
- Argyro Karakosta
- Ari Voutilainen
- Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Arnaud Chiolero
- Aroor Bhagyalaxmi
- Arsalan Khaledifar
- Artur Mazur
- Arvind Pandey
- Arwa M Alshangiti
- Aryeh D Stein
- Asher Fawwad
- Attilio Rigotti
- Atul Trivedi
- Augustin F Beybey
- Augustine N Odili
- Augusto Di Castelnuovo
- Aung Soe Htet
- Ausra Petrauskiene
- Avula Laxmaiah
- Axel C Carlsson
- Aya Mostafa
- Ayman A Zayed
- Azaliia M Tuliakova
- Azhar Dyussupova
- Azim Nejatizadeh
- Azli Baharudin
- Åsa Ågren
- Badreya Al-Lahou
- Bagher Larijani
- Bahareh Kheiri
- Bahman Cheraghian
- Bakary Jallow
- Baltazar Nunes
- Barbara Heude
- Barbara Thorand
- Barry M Popkin
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Beatriz D Schaan
- Bee Koon Poh
- Behrooz Hamzeh
- Bekbolat Zholdin
- Belgin Unal
- Belong Cho
- Ben Schöttker
- Benjamin Acosta-Cazares
- Benoit Salanave
- Benson M Kazembe
- Bente Sparboe-Nilsen
- Bernard Maire
- Bernardo L Horta
- Bernhard O Boehm
- Bert-Jan van den Born
- Bettina Bringolf-Isler
- Bharathi Viswanathan
- Bhawesh Koirala
- Bihungum Bista
- Bill Stavreski
- Bin Zhou
- Bing Zhang
- Birgit Linkohr
- Biruta Velika
- Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt
- Bo Werner
- Boban Mugoša
- Bogdan Wojtyniak
- Bojan Jelaković
- Bontha V Babu
- Boyd A Swinburn
- Börge Schmidt
- Branimir Leskošek
- Breige A McNulty
- Brian Oldenburg
- Brooklyn Fraser
- Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
- Buthaina M Alkhatib
- Børge G Nordestgaard
- Caleb Ochimana
- Calogero Saieva
- Calvin Ke
- Camilla T Damsgaard
- Carl Lachat
- Carla Menêses Hardman
- Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Carlos O Mendivil
- Carlos P Boissonnet
- Carmen Iñiguez
- Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani
- Caroline H Fall
- Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva
- Carsten O Schmidt
- Cassiano Ricardo Rech
- Catherine Kyobutungi
- Catterina Ferreccio
- Cecilia Björkelund
- Cecily Kelleher
- Cesar G Victora
- Cézane P Reuter
- Chandini Nekkantti
- Chao Qiang Jiang
- Charalambos A Hadjigeorgiou
- Charles Agyemang
- Charles K Mondo
- Charles Lunogelo
- Charles Sossa Jérome
- Charlie Lim
- Charlotte B Ottendahl
- Charmaine A Duante
- Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Chiara Donfrancesco
- Chien-An Sun
- Chien-Jen Chen
- Ching-Yu Cheng
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chinwuba Ijoma
- Chongjian Wang
- Chris Cowell
- Christa L Lilly
- Christa Meisinger
- Christian Gieger
- Christina C Dahm
- Christina Howitt
- Christina Mavrogianni
- Christine Cameron
- Christophe Tzourio
- Christopher J Paciorek
- Chung T Nguyen
- Cihangir Erem
- Claes Ohlsson
- Clara Homs
- Claudia M Hormiga
- Cláudia S Minderico
- Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Clive Osmond
- Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani
- Con Burns
- Constance Schultsz
- Constanta Huidumac Petrescu
- Cora L Craig
- Correia Júnior Marco Aurélio de Valois
- Cosmin R Cojocaru
- Cristina P Padez
- Crizian G Saar
- Cynthia M Pérez
- Cyrus Cooper
- Daan Kromhout
- Dalia Luksiene
- Damaskini Valvi
- Damian K Francis
- Dan Zhu
- Daniel Bia
- Daniel Fernández-Bergés
- Daniel Ferrante
- Daniel G Vasques
- Daniel Lemogoum
- Daniel Weghuber
- Daniela Galeone
- Daniela Kállayová
- Daniela Pierannunzio
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Daphne Lai
- Daphne Mirkopoulou
- David A Gonzalez-Chica
- David De Ridder
- David Faeh
- David Goltzman
- Davide Noto
- Davood Khalili
- Deborah C Malta
- Debra S Judge
- Deena Al Asfoor
- Deepak N Amarapurkar
- Delphine De Smedt
- Demetre Labadarios
- Denise Eldemire-Shearer
- Dermot O'Reilly
- Dénes Molnár
- Diana A Santos
- Diane T Meto
- Dianna J Magliano
- Dickman Gareta
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Diego G Christofaro
- Diego Salmerón
- Diego Vanuzzo
- Dimitrios Papandreou
- Dimitrios Poulimeneas
- Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Dirk De Bacquer
- Dirk Vanderschueren
- Dominique Cottel
- Dominique Hange
- Dong Zhao
- Dongfeng Gu
- Dora Romaguera
- Doris Stöckl
- Dorja Vocanec
- Doroteia A Höfelmann
- Dusko J Bjelica
- Dušan Grafnetter
- Duygu Islek
- Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- E Shyong Tai
- Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Ebrahim Ghaderi
- Eduardo Capuano
- Eduardo Salazar Martinez
- Edward F Fottrell
- Edward Janus
- Edward W Gregg
- Edwige Landais
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Eero O Kajantie
- Efthymios Kapantais
- Eha Nurk
- Ei Ei K Nang
- Eiji Oda
- Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener
- Ekaterina Stoyanova
- Elaine Dennison
- Elaine M Murtagh
- Eldridge Ferrer
- Elena Anufrieva
- Elena Bogova
- Elena Pahomova
- Elena Sacchini
- Elena V Skoblina
- Eleonora d'Orsi
- Elias F Gudmundsson
- Elin Kolle
- Elin P Sørgjerd
- Elio Riboli
- Elisabete Ramos
- Elisabetta L Romeo
- Eliza Cinteza
- Eliza Markidou Ioannidou
- Ellina M Iakupova
- Elling Bere
- Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Elnaz Faramarzi
- Els Clays
- Else Karin Grøholt
- Elvis Oa Wambiya
- Elvynna Leong
- Elysée Claude Bika Lele
- Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk
- Eman Aly
- Emanuel Zitt
- Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Emanuela Pettenuzzo
- Emiel Hoogendijk
- Emily B Wong
- Emily Sonestedt
- Emma Ruiz Moreno
- Emmanuel Cohen
- Emmanuella Magriplis
- Eng Joo Tan
- Enguerran Macia
- Enisa Kujundzic
- Enrique Gutiérrez González
- Enzo Manzato
- Erfan Ghasemi
- Eric Monterrubio-Flores
- Erik J Timmermans
- Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Erkin Mirrakhimov
- Ertugrul Celikcan
- Eruke E Egbagbe
- Espen Bjertness
- Esteban Carmuega
- Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Esther M González-Gil
- Ethel Santacruz
- Eugène Sobngwi
- Eunice Ugel
- Eva Corpeleijn
- Eva Gerdts
- Eva Karaglani
- Eva Martos
- Evangelia Tzala
- Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska
- Éva Kovács
- Fabian Rohner
- Fabián Méndez
- Fabio Galvano
- Fadi J Charchar
- Fadia AlBuhairan
- Fangfang Chen
- Farahnaz Joukar
- Farhad Moradpour
- Farhad Pourfarzi
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- Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Farid Najafi
- Farshad Farzadfar
- Farzad Hadaegh
- Fatai A Maruf
- Fatemeh Malekzadeh
- Fatima Zahra Laamiri
- Felicia Cañete
- Felipe F Casanueva
- Felipe V Cureau
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- Felix P Phiri
- Fereidoun Azizi
- Fernanda Cunha Soares
- Fernando Rigo
- Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Félicité Tchibindat
- Fikru Tullu
- Flavio D Fuchs
- Flavio Nervi
- Flora Am Ukoli
- Flora Bacopoulou
- Florian Muca
- Francesco Branca
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- Francesco Pistelli
- Francis Delpeuch
- Francis Morey
- Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos
- Francisco J Felix-Redondo
- François F Kaze
- Frank Claessens
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- Gabriele Eiben
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- Gabriella Gruden
- Gailute Bernotiene
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- Gareth Stratton
- Garry Jennings
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- Geetha R Menon
- Genc Burazeri
- Geofrey Musinguzi
- Georg Lappas
- Georg Posch
- George Ll Machado-Coelho
- George Moschonis
- George S Stergiou
- Georgia Vourli
- Georgina Gómez
- Gerald Jarnig
- Gerhard Sulo
- Gerson Ferrari
- Gert Bm Mensink
- Gilad Twig
- Gilda Estela Benitez Rolandi
- Giletta Matteo
- Giota Touloumi
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- Giovanni de Gaetano
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- Giovanni Viegi
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Gladys E Maestre
- Glen Gironella
- Godsent C Isiguzo
- Gonzalo Valdivia
- Goodarz Danaei
- Gowri Mahasampath
- Graziella Bruno
- Graziella D'Arrigo
- Grazyna Jasienska
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- Gregor Starc
- Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Gretchen A Stevens
- Grethe S Tell
- Gry Schultz
- Grzegorz Sobek
- Guadalupe Echeverría
- Guadalupe Longo Abril
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- Simona Bo
- Simona Costanzo
- Simona Giampaoli
- Sinead Brophy
- Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Slavica Sovic
- Slawomir Koziel
- Snehalatha Chamukuttan
- Sofia K Malyutina
- Soheir H Ahmed
- Sok King Ong
- Solie Puhakka
- Son Thai Pham
- Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Sonya V Galcheva
- Soon-Woo Park
- Sophia J Kiechl
- Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- Sounnia Mediene Benchekor
- Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Srinivasan Kannan
- Stefaan De Henauw
- Stefaan Demarest
- Stefan Adela Gabriela
- Stefan Kiechl
- Stefan Rach
- Stefan Savin
- Stefan Söderberg
- Stefania Maggi
- Stefania Toselli
- Stefano Marventano
- Steinar Krokstad
- Stephen T McGarvey
- Steve Botomba
- Stevo R Popovic
- Stig E Bojesen
- Stine Schramm
- Sudha Ramachandra Rao
- Sudhir Kowlessur
- Suhad Bahijri
- Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar
- Sumit Bharadwaj
- Suntara Klanarong
- Susana C Confortin
- Susana Sans
- Susana Vale
- Susanne Kobel
- Susanne R de Rooij
- Susi Kriemler
- Suyeon Park
- Suzanne C Ho
- Suzanne N Morin
- Svetlana Shalnova
- Sylvain Sebert
- Sylvia Alexius
- Tabara Yasuharu
- Tahir Aris
- Tai Hing Lam
- Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic
- Takafumi Ishida
- Take Naseri
- Takuro Furusawa
- Tal Shimony
- Tamara R Santos
- Tamás Csányi
- Tamerlan Rajabov
- Tandi E Matsha
- Tania Lopez
- Tania Tello
- Tanja Gm Vrijkotte
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- Tasanee Braithwaite
- Tatjana Hejgaard
- Tatyana Slazhnyova
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- Terence Dwyer
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- Teresa Haugsgjerd
- Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Terho Lehtimäki
- Thamara Hubler Figueiró
- Thein Thein Htay
- Themistoklis Tzotzas
- Theodora Benedek
- Thet Thet Mu
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- Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
- Thomas Ferrao
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- Tiina Laatikainen
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- Till Ittermann
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- Tom Wilsgaard
- Tomas Vega
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- Ulf Ekelund
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- Vanessa Rouzier
- Vanina Bongard
- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vassilis Zafiropulos
- Vayia Rarra
- Vedrana Sember
- Veikko Salomaa
- Vera Lanska
- Vera Musil
- Veronica Mocanu
- Vesna Juresa
- Vesselka L Duleva
- Victor M Herrera
- Victor Matsudo
- Victor Pf Lhoste
- Victoria E Soto-Rojas
- Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo
- Vijaya Lingam
- Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- Viktoriya Furdela
- Vilma E Irazola
- Vilma Kriaucioniene
- Vilmundur Gudnason
- Vilnis Dzerve
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- Vincent Jr DeGennaro
- Vincenzo Capuano
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Violeta Iotova
- Virginija Dulskiene
- Virgílio V Ramires
- Visnja Djordjic
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviana Guajardo
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Vladimir Kutsenko
- Wafaie W Fawzi
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Wei Zheng
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Wei-Yen Lim
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wendy Van Lippevelde
- Wenhua Zhao
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- William A Neal
- William R Tebar
- Wilma M Hopman
- Winsome R Parnell
- Wm Monique Verschuren
- Wojciech Drygas
- Wojciech Rusek
- Wolfgang Ahrens
- Wolfgang Kratzer
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiangjun Wang
- Xiaoguang Yang
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Xiu-Hua Guo
- Xu Lin
- Xu Ma
- Xueling Sim
- Xun Tang
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yadlapalli S Kusuma
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yang Yang
- Yanhui Dong
- Yanina Zocalo
- Yanitsa V Zhecheva
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yemane Berhane
- Yeunsook Rho
- Yeva Movsesyan
- Yi Song
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- Yih Chung Tham
- Yiling J Cheng
- Yin Guo
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yingfeng Zheng
- Yn-Tz Sung
- Yong Tao
- Yonghua Hu
- Yosef Farzi
- Yoto Yotov
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan He
- Yufang Bi
- Yuki Fujita
- Yulia Balanova
- Yuliya V Solovieva
- Yuna He
- Yunjiang Yu
- Yury P Nikitin
- Yves Kameli
- Yves Martin-Prevel
- Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zbigniew Kulaga
- Zengchang Pang
- Zhamilya Battakova
- Zhamyila Usupova
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zhengming Chen
- Ziad A Abdeen
- Zivka Dika
- Zlatko Fras
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova
- Zumin Shi
- Łukasz Kryst
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/03/2024
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We
estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from
1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and
weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children
and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the
individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference)
and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median).
Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in
11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed
changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and
140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of
underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and
countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior
probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse
was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of
thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a
posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%)
with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and
obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for
both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such
as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged
children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls
in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and
42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents,
the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining
underweight or thinness.
Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an
increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy
nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of
underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit
The influence of rituals on luxury product consumption:Implications for brands
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c
- Author
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abdul Rahim Hanan F.
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Adambekov Shalkar
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Asfoor Deena
- Al Qaoud Nawal M.
- Al-Hina Halima
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Lawati Jawad A.
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Aldwairji Maryam A.
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alinezhad Farbod
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alomirah Husam F.
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Andrade Dolores S.
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Aris Tahir
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Assah Felix K.
- Assembekov Batyrbek
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdičová Mária
- Azad Kishwar
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Bacopoulou Flora
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José R.
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barceló Alberto
- Baretić Maja
- Barrera Lena
- Basit Abdul
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batista Aline P.
- Baur Louise A.
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe- Ortiz Antonio
- Berrios Carrasola Ximena
- Bettiol Heloísa
- Beybey Augustin F.
- Bhargava Santosh K.
- Bika Lele Elysée Claude
- Bikbov Mukharram M.
- Bista Bihungum
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Björkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia V.
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boggia Jose G.
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- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Borghs Herman
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- Brajkovich Imperia
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- Brewster Lizzy M.
- Brian Garry R.
- Briceño Yajaira
- Brito Miguel
- Bugge Anna
- Buntinx Frank
- Cabrera de León Antonio
- Caixeta Roberta B.
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- Deepa Mohan
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- Demarest Stefaan
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- Deschamps Valérie
- Dhimal Meghnath
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- Donfrancesco Chiara
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- Dorobantu Maria
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- Eddie Ricky
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- Valdivia Gonzalo
- van den Born Bert-Jan
- Van der Heyden Johan
- Van Minh Hoang
- van Rossem Lenie
- Van Schoor Natasja M.
- van Valkengoed Irene G. M.
- van Zutphen Elisabeth M.
- Vander Hoorn Stephen
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Vasan Senthil K.
- Vega Tomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Venkat Narayan K. M.
- Verstraeten Roosmarijn
- Viana Peixoto Sergio
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K.
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Voutilainen Ari
- Wade Alisha N.
- Wan Bebakar Wan Mohamad
- Wan Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon
- Wang Chongjian
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Webster-Kerr Karen
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Wei Wenbin
- Westbury Leo D.
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Więcek Andrzej
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Emily B.
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yan Li
- Yan Weili
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yu Yu-Ling
- Yu Yunjiang
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeljkovic Vrkic Tajana
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zimmet Paul
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zuñiga Cisneros Julio
- Čapková Naděžda
- Šalaj Sanja
- Publication venue
- Nature Publishing Group
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose
diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117
population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of
diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected
as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed
prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously
diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa.
The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and
detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66%
in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised
proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39%
across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and
middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated
FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and
underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite
resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and
surveillance.peer-reviewe
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