Aplicación de un diagnóstico a las valoraciones para el ingreso de los niños con necesidades educativas especiales en la Escuela de Educación Especial Melania Morales del Distrito III del departamento de Managua Segundo Semestre de 2017

El diagnóstico aplicado en la Escuela de Educación Especial Melania Morales de Managua ubicado en el barrio San Judas del distrito III pretende brindar reflexiones que permitan innovar o crear nuevos métodos de valoración adecuados y enfocados en las necesidades propias del estudiantado con necesidades educativas especiales y su entorno en el plano nicaragüense. La realización de este diagnóstico en este centro educativo del departamento de Managua abarcó el periodo de Agosto a octubre del 2017. En el mismo participaron todos los actores docentes y administrativos con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de la investigación y sus aportes nos permitieron emitir un diagnóstico basado en un realidad necesaria para realizar adaptaciones y cambios sugeridos que permitirán mejorar la calidad educativa de niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales al brindarles una valoración adecuada según sus necesidades. El propósito de la presente investigación estuvo basada en la aplicación de un diagnóstico sobre las valoraciones y evaluaciones que se realizaron a los niños y niñas que ingresaron a la escuela de educación especial en todas sus áreas durante el año lectivo 2017. Fue necesario la definición de lo que es una valoración o evaluación psicopedagógica y el efecto de la misma al ubicar a los alumnos en las aulas de clase así como la descripción del comportamiento de la variación de los ritmos de aprendizajes de los alumnos y finalmente determinar el papel que jugaron las evaluaciones y cómo estas contribuyeron en la retención y calidad educativa de la escuela en este año lectivo 2017. Análisis de un diagnóstico de las valoraciones del ingreso de los alumnos con Necesidades Educativas Especiales. 9 La presente investigación se justificó por cuanto posee valor teórico, utilidad práctica, relevancia social, por su conveniencia y en base a los beneficios a la comunidad educativa que atiende. El estudio se sustentó en las teorías de pedagogos y psicólogos que son los padres de la educación. Metodológicamente el trabajo investigativo se abordó desde la perspectiva de los tipos de estudio descriptivos-transversales, con la aplicación de un diseño de investigación de campo donde utilizamos las técnicas de la observación, las encuestas, entrevistas formadas por preguntas cerradas. El procesamiento de datos del diagnóstico permitió determinar las sugerencias necesarias para fortalecer el trabajo de evaluación y valoraciones. Entre los hallazgos relevantes encontramos un equipo de docentes que han sido capacitados para captar niños escolarizados y no escolarizados para brindar apoyo pedagógico al estudiante, maestro y padre de familia y felicitarles las estrategias metodológicas para mejorar su aprendizaje. Existe una guía de evaluación psicopedagógica para evaluar a los niños de dos a doce años emitida por el Ministerio de Educación en la dirección de educación especial, esta guía contiene los instrumentos y test que permiten hacer una valoración que permite medir un el nivel de discapacidad cognitiva del niño escolarizado o no y si este necesita del servicio de educación especial. El cuerpo docente del centro no conoce esta guía de evaluación ni las normativas que fundamentan las decisiones de ingresar un niño al servicio de educación especial así mismo desconocen la misión y visión propia de la escuel

Análisis de las funciones administrativas y su incidencia en el desempeño docente en la Escuela Pública Virgen De Guadalupe, ubicado en el Distrito Dos, Departamento de Managua, durante el primer semestre del año 2019

Para Hernández (2015) “la administración es la función de todos los recursos que poseen a través de un esquema planificado, un proceso formado por planeación, dirección y control con el fin de obtener el máximo beneficio posible; este beneficio puede ser económico o social, dependiendo de los fines que persiga dicha organización.” El trabajo de investigación que hemos realizado tiene por finalidad, Analizar el cumplimiento de las funciones administrativas y su incidencia en el desempeño docente de la Escuela Pública Virgen de Guadalupe Distrito II, del Departamento de Managua, durante el I Semestre del año 2019. En los resultados obtenidos en este estudio investigativo se encontró que en la Escuela Virgen de Guadalupe existe rendimiento no muy satisfactorio en cuanto al funcionamiento de las funciones administrativas, ya que no se ejecuta una adecuada planificación, organización, control, ejecución y evaluación. Basado en los resultados mencionados anteriormente, dicha administración es el único responsable de que la institución no funcione de manera adecuada con eficacia y calidad. Se consideró oportuno investigar sobre el cumplimiento de las funciones administrativas para mejorar el desempeño docente y de la directora, porque mediante un estudio realizado por los autores de dicho trabajo, quienes, mediante un proceso de investigación, logramos detectar los elementos del problema referidos a la administración y a través del procesamiento de información adquirida de todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa, logramos concluir y dejar una serie de recomendaciones dirigidas a la directora y a los docentes que servirán para fortalecer el proceso administrativo y el desempeño docente en el centro educativ

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics