Vasos cerámicos, mercados y la construcción de periferias en el curso bajo del río Omo (Etiopía)

Este artículo examina la sustitución de una producción local de vasos cerámicos por otra foránea adquirida en el mercado. En arqueología se asocia el intercambio y la circulación de los objetos con la innovación y el cambio cultural. Sin embargo, los lugares donde se producen dichos intercambios suponen un desafío al paso del tiempo. La descripción de uno de estos espacios de mercado, en el actual sudoeste etíope, nos permite abordar la complejidad de las interacciones entre compradores mursi y alfareras aari, dos grupos del curso bajo del río Omo. El estudio incorpora variables de carácter temporal, espacial y tecnológico, y una metodología que combina la descripción tipológica con la obtención de testimonios orales. Los orígenes de los actuales mercados al aire libre en la región están vinculados a la conquista militar de la zona a finales del siglo XIX por parte del imperio etíope. Las consecuencias del acceso al mercado y el abandono de una tradición cerámica se manifiestan en múltiples esferas que superan el ámbito tecnológico. Estos espacios efímeros de interacción de objetos, productos y personas revelan su capacidad a la hora de crear nuevas jerarquías e identidades.Aquest article examina la substitució d'una producció local de vasos ceràmics per una altra de forana adquirida al mercat. En arqueologia s'associa l'intercanvi i la circulació dels objectes amb la innovació i el canvi cultural. No obstant això, els llocs on es produeixen aquests intercanvis suposen un desafiament al pas del temps. La descripció d'un d'aquests espais de mercat, a l'actual sud-oest etíop, ens permet abordar la complexitat de les interaccions entre compradors mursi i terrissaires aari, dos grups del curs baix del riu Omo. L'estudi incorpora variables de caràcter temporal, espacial i tecnològic, i una metodologia que combina la descripció tipològica amb l'obtenció de testimoniatges orals. Els orígens dels actuals mercats a l'aire lliure a la regió estan vinculats a la conquesta militar de la zona a la darreria del segle XIX per part de l'imperi etíop. Les conseqüències de l'accés al mercat i l'abandó d'una tradició ceràmica es manifesten en múltiples esferes que superen l'àmbit tecnològic. Aquests espais efímers d'interacció d'objectes, productes i persones revelen la seva capacitat a l'hora de crear noves jerarquies i identitats.This article investigates the replacement of locally produced pottery vessels by vessels acquired in a market context. Archaeology often views the exchange and circulation of objects in association with innovation and cultural change; however, the complexity of assemblages of diverse peoples and objects across spaces in which such exchanges occur poses a challenge for archaeological analysis. The description of one of these spaces, in present-day southwest Ethiopia, allows us to address the complexity of the interactions between Mursi buyers and Aari potters, two groups that inhabit the Lower Omo Valley. The current outdoor markets in the region emerged in the aftermath of 19th century military conquest of the region by the Ethiopian Empire. The consequences of market access and the abandonment of a ceramic tradition appear in multiple spheres that go beyond technology. The study blends historical, spatial and technological variables through a methodology that combines typological descriptions and oral testimonies. As ephemeral places in which objects, products and people interact, markets reveal their capacity to create new hierarchies and identities

Three-Dimensional Simulations of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in Settled Dust Layers in Protoplanetary Disks

As dust settles in a protoplanetary disk, a vertical shear develops because the dust-rich gas in the midplane orbits at a rate closer to true Keplerian than the slower-moving dust-depleted gas above and below. A classical analysis (neglecting the Coriolis force and differential rotation) predicts that Kelvin-Helmholtz instability occurs when the Richardson number of the stratified shear flow is below roughly one-quarter. However, earlier numerical studies showed that the Coriolis force makes layers more unstable, whereas horizontal shear may stabilize the layers. Simulations with a 3D spectral code were used to investigate these opposing influences on the instability in order to resolve whether such layers can ever reach the dense enough conditions for the onset of gravitational instability. I confirm that the Coriolis force, in the absence of radial shear, does indeed make dust layers more unstable, however the instability sets in at high spatial wavenumber for thicker layers. When radial shear is introduced, the onset of instability depends on the amplitude of perturbations: small amplitude perturbations are sheared to high wavenumber where further growth is damped; whereas larger amplitude perturbations grow to magnitudes that disrupt the dust layer. However, this critical amplitude decreases sharply for thinner, more unstable layers. In 3D simulations of unstable layers, turbulence mixes the dust and gas, creating thicker, more stable layers. I find that layers with minimum Richardson numbers in the approximate range 0.2 -- 0.4 are stable in simulations with horizontal shear.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures (5 color, low-resolution versions), Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal, see http://www.physics.sfsu.edu/~barranco for higher resolution color figures and associated avi animation file

Monitoring guidance for patients with hypophosphatasia treated with asfotase alfa.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited, systemic, metabolic disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations or a single dominant-negative mutation in the gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). The disease is associated with a broad range of signs, symptoms, and complications, including impaired skeletal mineralization, altered calcium and phosphate metabolism, recurrent fractures, pain, respiratory problems, impaired growth and mobility, premature tooth loss, developmental delay, and seizures. Asfotase alfa is a human, recombinant enzyme replacement therapy that is approved in many countries for the treatment of patients with HPP. To address the unmet need for guidance in the monitoring of patients receiving asfotase alfa, an international panel of physicians with experience in diagnosing and managing HPP convened in May 2016 to discuss treatment monitoring parameters. The panel discussions focused on recommendations for assessing and monitoring patients after the decision to treat with asfotase alfa had been made and did not include recommendations for whom to treat. Based on the consensus of panel members, this review provides guidance on the monitoring of patients with HPP during treatment with asfotase alfa, including recommendations for laboratory, efficacy, and safety assessments and the frequency with which these should be performed during the course of treatment. Recommended assessments are based on patient age and include regular monitoring of biochemistry, skeletal radiographs, respiratory function, growth, pain, mobility and motor function, and quality of life. Because of the systemic presentation of HPP, a coordinated, multidisciplinary, team-based, patient-focused approach is recommended in the management of patients receiving asfotase alfa. Monitoring of efficacy and safety outcomes must be tailored to the individual patient, depending on medical history, clinical manifestations, availability of resources in the clinical setting, and the clinician's professional judgment

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries

Telemediations

Postprin

Manea Colony Investigations Excavation Report No. 3

During September 2016 the Cambridge Archaeological Unit in partnership with Octavia Hill Birthplace House undertook survey and trial excavation of Manea Fen Colony. Established in 1838, this was a Utopian socialist community inspired by the principles of the Owenite movement, most notably fostering a cooperative ethos. Documentary sources illustrate that a substantial built environment was constructed by the Colonists, where only a cottage and barn were previously standing. The Colony – named after its founder, William Hodson, as the Hodsonian Community – was of mixed success and only short duration, disbanding in February 1841, just 25- months beyond its beginnings. Following after this Utopian experiment, the site continued to be occupied until 1961 when the last remaining buildings were demolished and the site returned to arable farmland. The project’s aim was to characterise the site’s archaeological potential for (i) addressing questions concerning the nature and development of nineteenth century socialism, (ii) mapping the distribution of buildings and other features of the settlement’s original and changing outline plan, and (iii) to determine the local legacy of Utopia. The project was undertaken with a team of volunteers as part of the Ouse Washes Landscape Partnership in the scheme’s third and final year of a Heritage Lottery Grant. The project’s fieldwork included surface collection of artefacts, magnetic and earth resistance geophysical surveys, test pitting and trial trenching (totalling 522.5m2). A total of 11,553 finds were recorded, weighing 289.459kg

Christie Drive, Hinchingbrooke. An Archaeological Investigation.

An archaeological evaluation and open-area excavation revealed Iron Age and Romano-British features forming a part of the multiphase occupied landscape of Bob's Wood, along the Great Ouse Valley in Cambridgeshire. Early Neolithic flint represented the earliest visitation to the site, although no features were present. Following from this, two possible mid-late Iron Age ring gullies with a single shard of East Midlands Scored Ware were superseded by at least three phases of 2-4th century AD Romano-British droveways and rectilinear enclosure, along with a kiln or bread oven pit and an associated ring gulley. The final landuse of the site was evidenced by post-medieval furrow systems

Archaeological Evaluation at Ireton's Way, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire. An Interim Statement.

Following geophysical and aerial survey a programme of 700m of evaluation trenching identified prehistoric ditches and postholes that correspond with cropmarks illustrating a coaxial system of ditched field allotment of a probable prehistoric date. This was confined predominantly to the western third of the proposed development area, and with only minimal expression having undergone significant post-Medieval truncation through experimental agriculture. A palaeochannel was identified through magnetometry, and was shown to predate human activity

Jesus College Porter's lodge, University of Cambridge. An Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

This archaeological desk based assessment was commissioned by Jesus College to assess the potential impact of a proposed development areaincorporating the Grade I listed South Range and Gatetower, the Grade II listed west wall of ‘The Chimney’, and the existing Porter’s Lodge, all broadly centred upon TL 4522 5887. Jesus College was founded in 1497 on the site of the former Benedictine nunnery of St. Radegund, founded in the 1130s. The proposed development will have a direct impact upon buildings of the College phase, with possible archaeological features and deposits also surviving there for both the Nunnery and College phases. Added to this is the distinct possibility of encountering cemetery deposits, including disarticulated human bone and inhumations. Significant pre-monastic activity is registered in the vicinity to the Romano-British period, with settlement, fieldsystems, and later inhumation cemeteries. And low-level prehistoric activity has been identified within the College grounds, most notably of the Middle to Late Iron Age. The PDA is situated within an area known for its archaeological and historical significance at a local, regional and national scale