The applications of sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for canine ophthalmic surgery : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Science (MVSc) at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand

Sub-Tenon's anaesthesia is an indispensable anaesthetic technique in human ophthalmic surgery. It produces highly effective regional anaesthesia and has a significantly lower complication rate than the previously used peribulbar and retrobulbar injections. Although this technique has potential application to veterinary ophthalmology it has not yet been reported in clinical cases. This thesis reviews the literature that references local anaesthesia for ocular surgery in human and veterinary ophthalmology. A sub-Tenon's block technique that was specifically developed for use in dogs is also described. This technique is assessed with a prospective controlled clinical study testing this technique across a variety of ocular surgeries including enucleation, intrascleral prosthesis, keratectomy with a third eyelid flap and cataract surgery. The effect of sub-Tenon's anaesthesia on specific parameters was recorded and compared to the controls such as; globe position and rotation, pupillary dilation, general anaesthetic monitoring parameters, intraocular pressure, vitreal expansion and post-operative pain scores. Analysis of these parameters has indicated that sub-Tenon's anaesthesia was an effective option for controlling post-operative pain when used in conjunction with systemic analgesics and was an excellent alternative to systemic neuromuscular blockade for canine cataract surgery

Sensitivity analysis of the CREAM method for Human Reliability

This paper reports a sensitivity analysis of the CREAM HRA method. We consider three different aspects: the difference between the outputs of the Basic and Extended methods, on the same HRA scenario; the variability in outputs through the choices made for common performance conditions (CPCs); the variability in outputs through the assignment of choices for cognitive function failures (CFFs). We discuss the problem of interpreting categories when applying the method, and discuss also how dependence is modelled with the approach. We show that the control mode intervals used in the Basic method are too narrow to be consistent with the Extended method. This motivates a new screening method that gives improved accuracy with respect to the Basic method, in the sense that (on average) halves the uncertainty associated with the Basic method

Manual for the District Fisheries Analysis System (FAS): A Package for Fisheries Management and Research. Part 1: Fish Population Survey Data (DOC9 Data Base)

Report issued on: issued September, 1987INHS Technical Report prepared for unspecified recipien

Strengthening OA practice: using intervention logic to support drives for change

The aim of the JISC Open Access (OA) Pathfinder programme is to “develop shareable models of good practice with regard to implementation of research funders’ OA requirements”. With the sector-wide shift to OA and with growing funders’ OA mandates, the Pathfinder scheme reflects a real need to enhance compliance with the agenda. Fundamental to this project is understanding how people approach OA, and how processes can be designed to address this. This brief paper summarises an approach to building stronger institutional approaches to Open Access using intervention logic. The process, drawn from a behaviour change intervention framework supports research management and library staff to explore the key areas of change needed and consider how best to address these. The intervention mapping tool which was first trialled at a workshop on Uncovering researcher behaviours at Oxford Brookes on 20 May 2015 is supplied at the end of this document to support this process

Acceptability of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots, video consultations and live webchats as online platforms for sexual health advice

Objectives Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services are undergoing a digital transformation. This study explored the acceptability of three digital services, (i) video consultations via Skype, (ii) live webchats with a health advisor and (iii) artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots, as potential platforms for SRH advice. Methods A pencil-and-paper 33-item survey was distributed in three clinics in Hampshire, UK for patients attending SRH services. Logistic regressions were performed to identify the correlates of acceptability. Results In total, 257 patients (57% women, 50% aged <25 years) completed the survey. As the first point of contact, 70% preferred face-to-face consultations, 17% telephone consultation, 10% webchats and 3% video consultations. Most would be willing to use video consultations (58%) and webchat facilities (73%) for ongoing care, but only 40% found AI chatbots acceptable. Younger age (<25 years) (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.38), White ethnicity (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.30 to 6.34), past sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.95), self-reported STI symptoms (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.97), smartphone ownership (OR 16.0, 95% CI 3.64 to 70.5) and the preference for a SRH smartphone application (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.35) were associated with video consultations, webchats or chatbots acceptability. Conclusions Although video consultations and webchat services appear acceptable, there is currently little support for SRH chatbots. The findings demonstrate a preference for human interaction in SRH services. Policymakers and intervention developers need to ensure that digital transformation is not only cost-effective but also acceptable to users, easily accessible and equitable to all populations using SRH services

Attendance of MSM at Genitourinary Medicine services in England: implications for selective HPV vaccination programme (a short communication)

Background Human papillomaviruses (HPV) immunisation programmes for female adolescents in the UK offer relatively little benefit to men who have sex with men (MSM). Targeted HPV vaccination for MSM may reduce the high incidence of HPV-related disease among MSM. We used national data from sexual health clinics to calculate the number of MSM attending these clinics throughout England from 2009 to 2014 and to identify their characteristics, to inform the implementation of a targeted HPV vaccination programme in MSM. Methods We used the Genitourinary Medicine Clinic Activity Dataset (GUMCADv2) to obtain data for men aged 15–70 years who had attended a GUM clinic in England from 2009 to 2014. We analysed both numbers of MSM attending and number of GUM attendances, age at first attendance, ethnicity and geographical area of the clinic in England. Results A total of 374 983 MSM attended sexual health services in England between 2009 and 2014. Median age of presentation was 32 years (IQR 25–41) and showed regional geographical variation. Of all men attending sexual health clinics in England, the highest proportion of those identifying as MSM was in London (21%). Excluding visits within 1 month of an initial attendance, 49% of all MSM re-attended within 12 months and 58% within 24 months. MSM aged ≥36 years reattended more frequently than younger MSM. 51% reattended at least twice within 24 months of initial visit. Conclusions The majority of MSM reattend clinic at least once within a 24-month period, potentially facilitating the delivery of a three-dose HPV vaccination programme. This would reduce the burden on sexual health clinics and cost to local authorities due to extra visits if HPV vaccination were to be delivered through these services

The Lisbon Treaty and the British Press a Corpus-Based Contrastive Analysis of Evaluation Resources

Evaluation plays an important role in understanding speakers or writers’ attitude towards an event or their feelings about entities and propositions (Hunston and Thompson 2000). Bednarek (2006) argues that evaluation pervades human behaviour and is linked to our beliefs. She also points out the importance of evaluation in actual discourse as it is impossible for any human being not to judge or be completely objective on a particular event. Given the nature of evaluation to be linked to our beliefs, it can be argued that there is a close relationship between evaluation and metaphor as metaphor analysis ‘‘is often, then, an exploration of the inner subjectivity of speakers – what it is that is unique to their perception of the world – and forms the basis for their response to particular situations and particular ideas’’ (Charteris-Black 2004: 11). Against this background, the present paper starts from the findings of a research project on conceptual metaphor analysis in the British press related to the Lisbon Treaty debate and focuses on the evaluative lexis that has often been found to collocate or co-occur with the linguistic expressions of the conceptual conflict and movement metaphors analysed. The evaluative adjectives we are particularly interested in are bullying, desperate, reluctant, arrogant, frightening, surprised, insistent. The evaluative verbs that we intend to explore are admit, blast, praise. However, all the other evaluative terms that might come up to light and have a significant role in the analysis of the event will be taken into account. The aim of this paper is to explore, through the methodology of Corpus Linguistics, how the British press uses the evaluative resources to construe the event of ratification and to what extent it presents a similar description or attributes similar roles to the European leaders and uses both metaphors and evaluation to create a coherent text and image of the ratification issue