11 research outputs found
Predicting employees' commitment to and support for organisational change
This study aimed to identify factors that predict employees' commitment to and support for organisational change. The three components of Herscovitch and Meyer's (2002) commitment to organisational change model were hypothesised to mediate the relationship between organisational climate and behavioural support for organisational change. Data were collected from a Queensland government department (N = 342). Analysis of correlations revealed that organisational climate, commitment to change, and behavioural support for change variables were all significantly related. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that affective, normative, and continuance commitment to change were all predictors of behavioural support for organisational change. Positive work climate also contributed directly to the prediction of behavioural support for change over and above the indirect influence through commitment to organisational change, indicating a partial mediation effect. These findings support Herscovitch and Meyer's (2002) three-component model of commitment to organisational change and extend their nomological network by showing the relevance of two types of organisational climate to the core components of the model. Affective commitment to organisational change is a positive influence on employees' behavioural support for change and also reflects healthy aspects of the organisational climate. However, continuance commitment to organisational change is detrimental influence on employees' behavioural support for change and is linked with unhealthy dimensions of the organisational climate
Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe
Australian public sector employees' commitment to organisational change
[Abstract]: This study aims to clarify the role of Australian public
sector employees' commitment to organisational change.
Three components of commitment to organisational
change (affective, normative, and continuance
commitment to organisational change) were
hypothesised to mediate the relationship between
organisational climate and behavioural support for
organisational change. Study 1 reports data collected
during 2003 from a Queensland government department
(N = 342) while Study 2 reports data collected during
2003, from a South Australian government agency (N =
54). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted
with each component of commitment to organisational
change initially regressed on positive and negative work
climate. Subsequently, behavioural support for
organisational change was regressed on both
commitment to organisational change (three
components) and organisational climate (two
components). In Study 1, both positive and negative
work climate were able to account for significant unique
variance in components of commitment to organisational
change. All three components of commitment to
organisational change were significant predictors of
behavioural support for organisational change. However,
in Study 2, only positive work climate was found to
significantly predict both affective and continuance
commitment to organisational change components, while
only affective and normative commitment to
organisational change significantly predicted behavioural
support for organisational change
Risk of reoperation for structural failure of aortic and mitral tissue valves
In order to assess the risk of reoperation in the case of a failing stented tissue valve, 259 patients (118 males, 141 females; mean age 60.1 ± 15.4 years) underwent redo valve replacement. Of these patients, 94 (36.3%) underwent redo aortic valve replacement (AVR), 105 (40.5%) redo mitral valve replacement (MVR), and 60 (23.2%) redo aortic and mitral valve replacement (DVR). Twenty patients (7.7%) had previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); further CABG were performed in 32 cases (12.4%). Preoperatively, 216 patients (83.3%) were in NYHA functional class III or IV. Early mortality was (6.5%; n = 17). A higher preoperative NHYA status (p <0.0004) and emergency surgery (p <0.0001) were associated with an increased risk of operative death. Age at operation (p = 0.45), previous CABG (p = 0.45), position of the valve replaced (p = 0.2), type of implant (p = 0.06) and presence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.51) were not associated with a significant risk of operative mortality. A failing tissue valve may be replaced, with acceptable operative mortality and morbidity. The trend towards reducing the age at which tissue valve implantation is performed may be justified
Speaking of Forgetting: Analysis of Possible Non-EU Responses to the Right to Be Forgotten and Speech Exception
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN MICRO- AND NANORESONATORS
This review provides a summary of the work completed to date on the nonlinear dynamics of resonant micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). This research area, which has been active for approximately a decade, involves the study of nonlinear behaviors arising in small scale, vibratory, mechanical devices that are typically integrated with electronics for use in signal processing, actuation, and sensing applications. The inherent nature of these devices, which includes low damping, desired resonant operation, and the presence of nonlinear potential fields, sets an ideal stage for the appearance of nonlinear behavior, and this allows engineers to beneficially leverage nonlinear dynamics in the course of device design. This work provides an overview of the fundamental research on nonlinear behaviors arising in micro/nanoresonators, including direct and parametric resonances, parametric amplification, impacts, selfexcited oscillations, and collective behaviors, such as localization and synchronization, which arise in coupled resonator arrays. In addition, the work describes the active exploitation of nonlinear dynamics in the development of resonant mass sensors, inertial sensors, and electromechanical signal processing systems. The paper closes with some brief remarks about important ongoing developments in the field
Tearing the Veil of Privacy Law: An Experiment on Chilling Effects and the Right to Be Forgotten
Effect of lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal vs standard care ventilation on 90-day mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Importance In patients who require mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, further reduction in tidal volumes, compared with conventional low tidal volume ventilation, may improve outcomes.
Objective To determine whether lower tidal volume mechanical ventilation using extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal improves outcomes in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, randomized, allocation-concealed, open-label, pragmatic clinical trial enrolled 412 adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, of a planned sample size of 1120, between May 2016 and December 2019 from 51 intensive care units in the UK. Follow-up ended on March 11, 2020.
Interventions Participants were randomized to receive lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for at least 48 hours (n = 202) or standard care with conventional low tidal volume ventilation (n = 210).
Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality 90 days after randomization. Prespecified secondary outcomes included ventilator-free days at day 28 and adverse event rates.
Results Among 412 patients who were randomized (mean age, 59 years; 143 [35%] women), 405 (98%) completed the trial. The trial was stopped early because of futility and feasibility following recommendations from the data monitoring and ethics committee. The 90-day mortality rate was 41.5% in the lower tidal volume ventilation with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group vs 39.5% in the standard care group (risk ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.83-1.33]; difference, 2.0% [95% CI, −7.6% to 11.5%]; P = .68). There were significantly fewer mean ventilator-free days in the extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group compared with the standard care group (7.1 [95% CI, 5.9-8.3] vs 9.2 [95% CI, 7.9-10.4] days; mean difference, −2.1 [95% CI, −3.8 to −0.3]; P = .02). Serious adverse events were reported for 62 patients (31%) in the extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group and 18 (9%) in the standard care group, including intracranial hemorrhage in 9 patients (4.5%) vs 0 (0%) and bleeding at other sites in 6 (3.0%) vs 1 (0.5%) in the extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group vs the control group. Overall, 21 patients experienced 22 serious adverse events related to the study device.
Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, the use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to facilitate lower tidal volume mechanical ventilation, compared with conventional low tidal volume mechanical ventilation, did not significantly reduce 90-day mortality. However, due to early termination, the study may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference
Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press