Evaluation of the effect of Castanea sativa extracts on lipoxygenase activity

Lipoxygenase LOX is a lipolysis enzyme that oxidises unsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic and linoleic acids to form unhealthy chemicals such as dienes, leukotrienes and malondialdehyde in advanced oxidation, which is harmful to cells. In this study, the polyphenols and saponins compounds were extracted from Castanea sativa using Soxhlet for 3 days. Colourimetric and HPLC techniques were used to identify polyphenols and saponins in the extracts respectively. The effects of these extracts were evaluated on LOX activity, which was purified from the liver of Iraqi Cows (AL-Sharabi Cows) as well as on E. coli and Pseudomonas bacteria resistance. According to the LOX purification procedures, the specific activity increased from 0.001 to 0.03 U/mg with a purification fold of 30 times and a yield percentage of 174. Gallic acid 7.72 mg, Rutin 29.25 mg, Quercetin 27.6 mg, kaempferol 34.42 mg, Apigenin 5.25 mg and Catechin 25.8 mg/100 gm of Castanea fruit was obtained. The inhibitory effect of polyphenol and saponin extracts on LOX activity was at 100 and 40 µg respectively. Line weaver-Burk plot was used to investigate the type of inhibition that was found non-competitive. However, these extracts were studied at concentrations of 500, 250 and 125 µg on bacteria resistance. Polyphenols had the best effect at 500 and 125 µg on E. coli and Pseudomonas bacteria respectively. Whereas, saponin had the best effect at 250 and 125 µg for E. coli and 125 µg for Pseudomonas