Studies of charmonium-like states at BABAR

Several charmonium-like states above $D\bar{D}$ threshold have been discovered at the Belle and BABAR B-factories. Some of these states are produced via Initial State Radiation (e.g. Y(4260) and Y(4350)), and some are observed in B-meson decays (e.g. X(3872), and Y(3940)). The Belle observations of the enhancements in the $\psi(2S)\pi^-$ and $\chi_{c1}\pi^-$, i.e. the Z(4430)-, Z_1(4050)-, and Z_2(4250)-, have generated a great deal of interest, because such states must have minimum quark content $(c\bar{c}d\bar{u})$, i.e. these are candidate four-quark state. The BABAR Collaboration does not confirm the existinence of the $Z(4430)^-$.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 2009 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, July 16-22, 2009, Krakow, Polan

Search for a low-mass Higgs boson (A0A^0) at BABAR

The BABAR Collaboration has performed three searches for a light Higgs boson, $A^0$, in radiative Upsilon ($\Upsilon$) decays: $\Upsilon(3S)\to\gamma A^0$, $A^0\to\tau^+\tau^-$; $\Upsilon(nS)\to\gamma A^0$, $A^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$ ($n=2,3$); and $\Upsilon(3S)\to\gamma A^0$, $A^0\to$ invisible. Such a Higgs boson ($A^0$) appears in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, where a light CP-odd Higgs boson couples strongly to $b$-quarks. The searches are based on data samples that consist of $122\times 10^6$ $\Upsilon(3S)$ and $99\times 10^6$ $\Upsilon(2S)$ decays, collected by the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The searches reveal no evidence for an $A^0$, and product of branching fractions upper limits, at 90% C.L., of $(1.5-16)\times 10^{-5}$, $(0.44-44)\times 10^{-6}$, and $(0.7-31)\times 10^{-6}$ were obtained for these searches, respectively. Also, we set the upper limits ${\mathcal {B}}(\eta_b\to\tau^+\tau^-)<8$ and ${\mathcal {B}}(\eta_b\to\mu^+\mu^-)<0.9$.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 2009 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, July 16-22, 2009, Krakow, Polan

THE ASSOCIATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES WITH OBESITY AND OTHER FACTORS: IN MULTINATIONAL COMMUNITY

Objective: Quantifying the influence of Obesity and other contributing factors on inducing Type 2 Diabetes is important to allow for rational planning and allocation of resources. Therefore, the major aim of this study was to estimate theinfluence of obesity on inducing Type 2 Diabetes and explore the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and different contributing factors such as age, gender, race, type of food taken and family history in a many healthy and non-healthy human multinational volunteers in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: A stratified cross-sectional analysis observational study was conducted on 800 healthy males and non-pregnant female volunteers aged between 18 and 45 years old. A Structured Investigational Assessment (SIA) as a principle of analysis was used to find out the contributing factors and correlations between obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. SIA was well designed and highly structured to allow the same types of information to be collected from a large number of people in the same way and for data to be analyzed quantitatively and systematically. Information obtained from volunteers contained age, race, gender, weight, height, quality of food taken, smoking status, medical conditions, emotional, material and physical activity status. Pearson's chi square test was used to study the significance of different contributing factors and obesity on inducing Type 2 Diabetes. Results: Results indicated a significant difference that was found between the presences of Type 2 Diabetes in obese volunteers compared to non-obese volunteers regardless, age, race, and gender. However, analysis showed that gender, age, race, family history with Type 2 Diabetes and quality of food taken as one of the contributed factors that can induce Type 2 Diabetes, even in the non-obese adults. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that female, Middle Eastern and obese people who consume non-healthy food are at higher risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes. This can be attributed to the lack of awareness and public health education. Therefore,the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes is high among the United Arab Emirates population and represents a major clinical and public health problem. A national prevention program to prevent diabetes and address the modifiable risk factors at the community level, targeting high-risk groups, should be implemented