4d Lorentzian Holst action with topological terms

We study the Hamiltonian formulation of the general first order action of general relativity compatible with local Lorentz invariance and background independence. The most general simplectic structure (compatible with diffeomorphism invariance and local Lorentz transformations) is obtained by adding to the Holst action the Pontriagin, Euler and Nieh-Yan invariants with independent coupling constants. We perform a detailed canonical analysis of this general formulation (in the time gauge) exploring the structure of the phase space in terms of connection variables. We explain the relationship of these topological terms, and the effect of large SU(2) gauge transformations in quantum theories of gravity defined in terms of the Ashtekar-Barbero connection

Inflation and stabilization in Yugoslavia

This paper shows that inflation in Yugoslavia shares common elements with inflation in other highly indebted countries, despite appearances other-wise. These common elements include a large transfer of resources abroad unmatched by an internal adjustment, resulting in a large internal redistribution of real resources through inflation. The author argues that Yugoslavia differs from other countries in that these internal conditions are not transparent. Instead of an open fiscal deficit, there were complex interactions among enterprises, commercial banks, and the central bank, involving, among other things, the absorption and servicing of a large stock of foreign exchange liabilities by the central bank. Events in the second half of 1990 also indicate that, for a stabilization program to succeed in Yugoslavia, there must be much greater political resolve to cope with wage indiscipline and loss-making enterprises than was observed in 1990. And the question remains whether financial discipline can be imposed in the system only at the macroeconomic level and without introducing private ownership of capital. The ultimate question may be whether stabilization can succeed without a comprehensive privatization program.Economic Stabilization,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Macroeconomic Management