Catastrophic cooling and cessation of heating in the solar corona

Condensations in the more than 10^6 K hot corona of the Sun are commonly observed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). While their contribution to the total solar EUV radiation is still a matter of debate, these condensations certainly provide a valuable tool for studying the dynamic response of the corona to the heating processes. We investigate different distributions of energy input in time and space to investigate which process is most relevant for understanding these coronal condensations. For a comparison to observations we synthesize EUV emission from a time-dependent, one-dimensional model for coronal loops, where we employ two heating scenarios: simply shutting down the heating and a model where the heating is very concentrated at the loop footpoints, while keeping the total heat input constant. The heating off/on model does not lead to significant EUV count rates that one observes with SDO/AIA. In contrast, the concentration of the heating near the footpoints leads to thermal non-equilibrium near the loop top resulting in the well-known catastrophic cooling. This process gives a good match to observations of coronal condensations. This shows that the corona needs a steady supply of energy to support the coronal plasma, even during coronal condensations. Otherwise the corona would drain very fast, too fast to even form a condensation.Comment: Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press, 10 pages, 5 figure

Effect Of Exports, Government Expenditure And Inflation On Indonesia Poverty (2000-2019)

The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of exports, government expenditure, and inflation on poverty in Indonesia in 2000-2019, and the independent variables which are the most dominant against poverty in Indonesia. The data used are secondary data taken from Bank Indonesia and Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). This study uses a regression method with the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) model. or the ordinary least squares model. The results of this study note that oil and gas and non-oil exports have a negative and significant effect on poverty, government expenditure has a significant and negative effect on poverty, and inflation has a positive but not significant effect. To reduce poverty in Indonesia, it is necessary to export commodities that have a large added value, government expenditure which leads to a reduction in the number of poor people, and to control prices of goods and services that are stable / accessible to the poor

Aglomerasi dan Pengaruh Aliran Dana Sektor Moneter pada Pertumbuhan Sektor Riil di Wilayah Cilacap – Banyumas dan Sekitarnya

The determining Cilacap District as an economic core area of southwest Central Java should be assisted in such a way soas to be able to significantly accelerate the growth of the regions and whole of the south area. Based on the region potential mapping, this research found that the real sector activities in Cilacap was more dominance than the other district in south area. So were the financial activities, flow of loan to manufacturing sector in Cilacap also dominance comparred to the other regions. From human development side, Cilacap, as indicated by rising Human Development Index and higher rate of income per capita of most of the inhabitant, had a better condition than other region. The main obstacle to develop industrial area in the region was lack and low quality of infrastructure. Inexpediently condition of road and lack of effort to improve the infrastructure would impede new investment. According to parameter of causality relationshp between real and financial sector of the region, advancement of real sector was supported by productive financially sector. High loan to deposit ratio in the region will encourage regional development and economic growth, especially as long as non-consumptive loan had been improved, it would push the manufacturing industris growth up

固有の分化経路と抗原提示能を有する新規CD135⁺単球サブセットの同定

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第24515号医博第4957号新制||医||1064(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 森信 暁雄, 教授 竹内 理, 教授 濵﨑 洋子学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Analisis Penetapan NJOP terhadap Harga Pasar dengan Metode Assessment Sales Ratio dalam Kaitannya dengan Potensi Pajak Bumi (Studi Kasus Tanah di Kecamatan Serpong Utara, Kota Tangerang Selatan)

This research entitled “Analysis of Sales Worth for Taxable Properties Decision on Market Price with Assessment Sales Ratio Method in Accordance with Property Tax (Case Study in North Serpong Sub District South Tangerang City)”. The research aims to know whether assessment sales ratio has already appropriate with Property Tax Director decision, to know property tax potential that still can be collected by Regional Government, and to know whether Sales Worth for Taxable Properties has been equalize in all North Serpong Sub District area, in South Tangerang City. The research location was in North Serpong Sub District by using data of Sales Worth for Taxable Property and market price of land from 70 transactions in 2011. Descriptive was this research method by using simple random sampling as sampling method. By using assessment sales ratio analysis, central tendency, disperse coefficient measurement, and variation coefficientThe result shows that ASR value = 65.2%, which means ASR was not appropriate with standard from Property Tax Director and there was property tax potential for 14.8% up to 34.8% or for about Rp. 48,009,940.80 up to Rp. 113,099,860.80. COD variability measurement was 26.26% and COV was 34.51%, it means Sales Worth for Taxable Property of land in North Serpong Sub District was in unbalance standard.The implication was market price of land as the basic of Sales Worth for Taxable Property was dynamic and up-to-date, thus Serpong Tax Office Service (KPP) Pratama should making list of data, estimation, and reviewing individually. SO, the renewing and adjustment toward Sales Worth for Taxable Property decision based on market price should be observed to increase the property tax potential, and Serpong KPP Pratama should add estimating and data collecting officer in the field to balance the standard of decision on Sales Worth for Taxable Property

Modelling of EIS spectrum drift from instrumental temperatures

An empirical model has been developed to reproduce the drift of the spectrum recorded by EIS on board Hinode using instrumental temperatures and relative motion of the spacecraft. The EIS spectrum shows an artificial drift in wavelength dimension in sync with the revolution of the spacecraft, which is caused by temperature variations inside the spectrometer. The drift amounts to 70 km s$^{-1}$ in Doppler velocity and introduces difficulties in velocity measurements. An artificial neural network is incorporated to establish a relationship between the instrumental temperatures and the spectral drift. This empirical model reproduces observed spectrum shift with an rms error of 4.4 km s$^{-1}$. This procedure is robust and applicable to any spectrum obtained with EIS, regardless of of the observing field. In addition, spectral curvatures and spatial offset in the North - South direction are determined to compensate for instrumental effects.Comment: 16 pages, 12 Figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics. Added description of neural networ

Study on solidification of immisible alloys (M-10)

Alloying of immiscible alloys under microgravity is of interest in metallurgical processes. Several experiments investigating the alloying of immiscible alloys, such as Al-In, Al-Bi, Zn-Bi, and Zn-Pb, were done in space. Homogeneous distribution of small L2 particles in the matrix, such as an emulsion structure, was expected in the space-solidifed alloys. However, the alloys demonstrated an extremely segregated structure. To date insufficient information was obtained to explain these unexpected results. Our experiment was proposed to clarify the solidification manner of immiscible alloys and to obtain fundamental information concerning structural control of the alloys. In space, density differences between the two liquids separated in immiscible regions can be neglected, so that no sedimentation of L(sub 2) phase will take place. When the growth of the alloys is interrupted and this status is frozen by an adequate rapid cooling procedure, it will provide much information concerning decomposing homogeneous liquid and the interaction between the monotectic growth front morphology and the distribution of L(sub 2) phase. It is anticipated that the results will be useful for elucidating the monotectic solidification manner and it will be instructive to explain the segregated structures obtained in the past space experiments

Evolution of microflares associated with bright points in coronal holes and in quiet regions

We aim to find similarities and differences between microflares at coronal bright points found in quiet regions and coronal holes, and to study their relationship with large scale flares. Coronal bright points in quiet regions and in coronal holes were observed with Hinode/EIS using the same sequence. Microflares associated with bright points are identified from the X-ray lightcurve. The temporal variation of physical properties was traced in the course of microflares. The lightcurves of microflares indicated an impulsive peak at hot emission followed by an enhancement at cool emission, which is compatible with the cooling model of flare loops. The density was found to increase at the rise of the impulsive peak, supporting chromospheric evaporation models. A notable difference is found in the surroundings of microflares; diffuse coronal jets are produced above microflares in coronal holes while coronal dimmings are formed in quiet regions. The microflares associated with bright points share common characteristics to active region flares. The difference in the surroundings of microflares are caused by open and closed configurations of the pre-existing magnetic field.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&