Contribution to the development of the LHCb acquisition electronics and study of polarized radiative [lambda]b decays

LHCb is one of the four main experiments that will take place at the future Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The data taking is foreseen to start in 2007. The LHCb detector is a forward single-arm spectrometer dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays in the b-quark sector. The goal is to over-constrain the Standard Model (SM) and – hopefully – to exhibit inconsistencies which will be a signal of new physics beyond. Building such a large experiment as LHCb is a big challenge, and many contributions are needed. The Lausanne institute is responsible for the development of a common "off-detector" readout board (TELL1), which provides the interface to the copper and optical links used for the detector readout, and outputs them to the data acquisition system, after performing intensive processing. It performs: event synchronization, pedestal calculation and subtraction, common mode subtraction and monitoring, zero suppression. The TELL1 board will be used by the majority of the LHCb subdetectors. We present here a contribution to the R&D necessary for the realization of the final board. In particular the feasibility of a mixed architecture using DSP and FPGA technologies has been studied. We show that the performance of this architecture satisfies LHCb electronics requirements at the time of the study (2002). Within the rich LHCb physics program, b → sγ transitions represent an interesting sector to look for evidence of physics beyond the SM. Even if the measured decay rate is in good agreement with the SM prediction up to now, new physics may still be hidden in more subtle observables. One of the most promising is the polarization of the emitted photon, which is predicted to be mainly left-handed in the SM. However right-handed components are present in a variety of new physics models. The photon polarization can be tested at LHCb by exploiting decays of polarized b baryons. If the initial baryon is polarized, asymmetries appear in the final states angular distributions, which can be used to probe the chirality of the effective Hamiltonian, and possibly to unveil new sources of CP violation. We present a phenomenological approach to the study of radiative decays of the type Λb → Λ(X)γ, where Λ(X) can be any Λ baryon of mass X. Calculations of the angular distributions are carried out employing the helicity formalism, for decays which involve Λ baryons of spin 1/2 and 3/2. Finally, detailed simulation studies of these channels in the LHCb environment allow us to assess the LHCb sensitivity to the photon polarization in b → s transitions

The CMS monitoring infrastructure and applications

The globally distributed computing infrastructure required to cope with the multi-petabytes datasets produced by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN comprises several subsystems, such as workload management, data management, data transfers, and submission of users' and centrally managed production requests. The performance and status of all subsystems must be constantly monitored to guarantee the efficient operation of the whole infrastructure. Moreover, key metrics need to be tracked to evaluate and study the system performance over time. The CMS monitoring architecture allows both real-time and historical monitoring of a variety of data sources and is based on scalable and open source solutions tailored to satisfy the experiment's monitoring needs. We present the monitoring data flow and software architecture for the CMS distributed computing applications. We discuss the challenges, components, current achievements, and future developments of the CMS monitoring infrastructure.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Computing and Software for Big Science, see https://www.springer.com/journal/4178

The CMS monitoring applications for LHC Run 3

Data taking at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN restarted in 2022. The CMS experiment relies on a distributed computing infrastructure based on WLCG (Worldwide LHC Computing Grid) to support the LHC Run 3 physics program. The CMS computing infrastructure is highly heterogeneous and relies on a set of centrally provided services, such as distributed workload management and data management, and computing resources hosted at almost 150 sites worldwide. Smooth data taking and processing requires all computing subsystems to be fully operational, and available computing and storage resources need to be continuously monitored. During the long shutdown between LHC Run 2 and Run 3, the CMS monitoring infrastructure has undergone major changes to increase the coverage of monitored applications and services, while becoming more sustainable and easier to operate and maintain. The used technologies are based on open-source solutions, either provided by the CERN IT department through the MONIT infrastructure, or managed by the CMS monitoring team. Monitoring applications for distributed workload management, submission infrastructure based on HTCondor, distributed data management, facilities have been ported from mostly custom-built applications to use common data flow and visualization services. Data are mostly stored in non-SQL databases and storage technologies such as ElasticSearch, VictoriaMetrics, Prometheus, InfluxDB and HDFS, and accessed either via programmatic APIs, Apache Spark or Sqoop jobs, or visualized preferentially using Grafana. Most CMS monitoring applications are deployed on Kubernetes clusters to minimize maintenance operations. In this contribution we present the full stack of CMS monitoring services and show how we leveraged the use of common technologies to cover a variety of monitoring applications and cope with the computing challenges of LHC Run 3

Search for direct pair production of the top squark in all-hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for direct pair production of the scalar partner to the top quark using an integrated luminosity of 20.1 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s√ = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported. The top squark is assumed to decay via t¯ →tχ¯01 or t¯ →bχ¯±1 →bW(∗)χ¯01 , where χ¯01 (χ¯±1) denotes the lightest neutralino (chargino) in supersymmetric models. The search targets a fully-hadronic final state in events with four or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. No significant excess over the Standard Model background prediction is observed, and exclusion limits are reported in terms of the top squark and neutralino masses and as a function of the branching fraction of t¯ →tχ¯01 . For a branching fraction of 100%, top squark masses in the range 270–645 GeV are excluded for χ¯01 masses below 30 GeV. For a branching fraction of 50% to either t¯ →tχ¯01 or t¯ →bχ¯±1 , and assuming the χ¯±1 mass to be twice the χ¯01 mass, top squark masses in the range 250–550 GeV are excluded for χ¯01 masses below 60 GeV

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Measurement of the cross-section for b-jets produced in association with a Z boson at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector ATLAS Collaboration

A measurement is presented of the inclusive cross-section for b-jet production in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV. The analysis uses the data sample collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 36 pb(-1). The event selection requires a Z boson decaying into high P-T electrons or muons, and at least one b-jet, identified by its displaced vertex, with transverse momentum p(T) > 25 GeV and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.1. After subtraction of background processes, the yield is extracted from the vertex mass distribution of the candidate b-jets. The ratio of this cross-section to the inclusive Z cross-section (the average number of b-jets per Z event) is also measured. Both results are found to be in good agreement with perturbative QCD predictions at next-to-leading order

Measurement of the dependence of transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity on the hard-scattering kinematics of proton-proton collisions at √s=2.76 TeV with ATLAS

The relationship between jet production in the central region and the underlying-event activity in a pseudorapidity-separated region is studied in 4.0 pb-1 of s=2.76 TeV pp collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The underlying event is characterised through measurements of the average value of the sum of the transverse energy at large pseudorapidity downstream of one of the protons, which are reported here as a function of hard-scattering kinematic variables. The hard scattering is characterised by the average transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the two highest transverse momentum jets in the event. The dijet kinematics are used to estimate, on an event-by-event basis, the scaled longitudinal momenta of the hard-scattered partons in the target and projectile beam-protons moving toward and away from the region measuring transverse energy, respectively. Transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity is observed to decrease with a linear dependence on the longitudinal momentum fraction in the target proton and to depend only weakly on that in the projectile proton. The results are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which qualitatively reproduce the trends observed in data but generally underpredict the overall level of transverse energy at forward pseudorapidity

Measurements of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in the dilepton final state at s √ =8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the top-antitop quark pair production charge asymmetry in the dilepton channel, characterized by two high-pT leptons (electrons or muons), are presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3  fb−1 from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy s√=8  TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Inclusive and differential measurements as a function of the invariant mass, transverse momentum, and longitudinal boost of the tt¯ system are performed both in the full phase space and in a fiducial phase space closely matching the detector acceptance. Two observables are studied: AℓℓC based on the selected leptons and Att¯C based on the reconstructed tt¯ final state. The inclusive asymmetries are measured in the full phase space to be AℓℓC=0.008±0.006 and Att¯C=0.021±0.016, which are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions of AℓℓC=0.0064±0.0003 and Att¯C=0.0111±0.0004

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.