STACKELBERG LEADERSHIP AND EFFECTIVENESS OF DEMAND DISRUPTION MANAGEMENT IN A THREE-TIER ELECTRONICS SUPPLY CHAIN

Management of electronics supply chains has become increasingly complicated due to both a rising dependence on Contract Electronics Manufacturers (CEMs) and the increased dominance of retailing giants. This paper analyzes the effects of different leadership structures on the relative profit of each member of a three-tier electronics supply chain that consists of a CEM, an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), and a Retailer. Our decentralized supply chain setting is governed by a wholesale price contract, and we assume that each supply chain member faces an increasing marginal unit cost function. We conduct a comparative analysis with a centralized supply chain (i.e., a vertically integrated company with business divisions acting as CEM, OEM, and Retailer). Three different demand functions are considered: linear, exponential, and stochastic. Our results show that supply chains in which the Retailer acts as the Stackelberg leader have the highest optimum profit regardless of the demand function. Results also show that the allocation of unit cost between the CEM, OEM and Retailer affects the profit distribution profile. Finally, we also study the effectiveness of demand disruption management in the decentralized supply chain setting where the OEM is the leader. A penalty cost is incurred by the Retailer when a demand disruption occurs, i.e. when actual demand deviates from the original forecast. We find exact analytical solutions of the effectiveness of managing disruptions when the consumer demand is linear, and we provide numerical examples as an illustration when the consumer demand is either linear or exponential

Sustainable supply chain management towards disruption and organizational ambidexterity:A data driven analysis

Balancing sustainability and disruption of supply chains requires organizational ambidexterity. Sustainable supply chains prioritize efficiency and economies of scale and may not have sufficient redundancy to withstand disruptive events. There is a developing body of literature that attempts to reconcile these two aspects. This study gives a data-driven literature review of sustainable supply chain management trends toward ambidexterity and disruption. The critical review reveals temporal trends and geographic distribution of literature. A hybrid of data-driven analysis approach based on content and bibliometric analyses, fuzzy Delphi method, entropy weight method, and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory is used on 273 keywords and 22 indicators obtained based on the experts’ evaluation. The most important indicators are identified as supply chain agility, supply chain coordination, supply chain finance, supply chain flexibility, supply chain resilience, and sustainability. The regions show different tendencies compared with others. Asia and Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Africa are the regions needs improvement, while Europe and North America show distinct apprehensions on supply chain network design. The main contribution of this review is the identification of the knowledge frontier, which then leads to a discussion of prospects for future studies and practical industry implementation

Buku saku ilmu penyakit paru/ Danusantoso

viii, 318 hal. : ill. ; 15 cm

Rokok dan perokok/ Danusantoso

viii, 39 hal.; ill.; 18 cm

Asthma

xiii, 119 hl

Buku saku ilmu penyakit paru

viii, 335 hl

Buku saku ilmu penyakit paru/ Danusantoso

viii, 318 hal. : ill. ; 15 cm

Rokok dan perokok/ Danusantoso

viii, 39 hal.; ill.; 18 cm