Static and dynamic behavior of multiplex networks under interlink strength variation

It has recently been suggested \cite{Radicchi2013} that in a two-level multiplex network, a gradual change in the value of the "interlayer" strength $p$ can provoke an abrupt structural transition. The critical point $p^*$ at which this happens is system-dependent. In this article, we show in a similar way as in \cite{Garrahan2014} that this is a consequence of the graph Laplacian formalism used in \cite{Radicchi2013}. We calculate the evolution of $p^{*}$ as a function of system size for ER and RR networks. We investigate the behavior of structural measures and dynamical processes of a two-level system as a function of $p$, by Monte-Carlo simulations, for simple particle diffusion and for reaction-diffusion systems. We find that as $p$ increases there is a smooth transition from two separate networks to a single one. We cannot find any abrupt change in static or dynamic behavior of the underlying system.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Explosive Percolation: Unusual Transitions of a Simple Model

In this paper we review the recent advances on explosive percolation, a very sharp phase transition first observed by Achlioptas et al. (Science, 2009). There a simple model was proposed, which changed slightly the classical percolation process so that the emergence of the spanning cluster is delayed. This slight modification turns out to have a great impact on the percolation phase transition. The resulting transition is so sharp that it was termed explosive, and it was at first considered to be discontinuous. This surprising fact stimulated considerable interest in "Achlioptas processes". Later work, however, showed that the transition is continuous (at least for Achlioptas processes on Erdos networks), but with very unusual finite size scaling. We present a review of the field, indicate open "problems" and propose directions for future research.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures, Review pape

ISO 9001 and supply chain integration principles based sustainable development: a Delphi study.

Driven by the increasing stakeholder and societal pressures, organizations and supply chains face the multi-dimensional challenges of not only integrating economic, environmental and social agendas into their management systems but also driving continual sustainability performance improvement. Aiming to support organizations in this sustainable development challenge, this paper explores the strategic management principles of ISO 9001 and supply chain integration from the lens of triple bottom line sustainability. Derived from theoretical synergies, a conceptual framework for integration, measurement, and improvement of triple bottom line sustainability is constructed and a business diagnostic tool introduced to facilitate the implementation of the framework. The developed conceptual framework and diagnostic tool are verified through an expert panel-based Delphi study and positive relationships formulated between the management principles of ISO 9001, supply chain integration and sustainability management. The facilitating and catalyzing role of quality management and supply chain management principles for integration and improvement of organizational sustainability is outlined.N/

TWO EXAMPLES FOR THE IMPACTS OF STREAM VALLEYS IN CYPRUS TO VEGETATION GEOGRAPHY: KARKOT STREAM AND KAMARA STREAM

Streams in Cyprus embody different climates from their surroundings due to their slopes on different directions, height differences between the streambed and slopes, air stream within a valley, temperature differences caused by sunshine durations depending on sunrise and sunset locations. Distinction in the geomorphological pattern of valleys and associated climate allowed the formation of various plant communities. While the microclimates formed within valleys assure the survival of some different plant species apart from the general vegetation cover, they also cause different physiological development of some plants. Generally, valleys in Cyprus have positive impacts on vegetation. Primarily due to their characteristics to form lower areas, they have mainly a positive impact through their holding humid weather and allow humid winds towards the interior. Valleys also have a major role in the protection of former natural vegetation of Cyprus. Nowadays, with the impact of global warming, the island with higher temperatures as well as aridification, encounters with the changes in climate and natural vegetation and even some plant species disappear. The valleys of Cyprus may become a place to survive and live for such plants while they may cause significant development and growth in size of some plants. Cedars (Cedrus libani brevifolia) in Cedar valley, Troodos, hazelnuts (Corryllus avellana) in Bitsilya valley, gray elms (Ulmus canescens,) Oriental alder (Alnus orientalis)in Diarizos and Stavros   and oriental planes (Platanus orientalis) in Karkot stream and Kamara stream have survived due to the microclimatic conditions of valleys. Therefore, the valleys located both in Troodos and north foothills of the Kyrenia Mountains shed light to the times with more humidity and are the evidence for the future significance of the impacts of valleys on diversification through their vegetation geography

TWO EXAMPLES FOR THE IMPACTS OF STREAM VALLEYS IN CYPRUS TO VEGETATION GEOGRAPHY: KARKOT STREAM AND KAMARA STREAM

Streams in Cyprus embody different climates from their surroundings due to their slopes on different directions, height differences between the streambed and slopes, air stream within a valley, temperature differences caused by sunshine durations depending on sunrise and sunset locations. Distinction in the geomorphological pattern of valleys and associated climate allowed the formation of various plant communities. While the microclimates formed within valleys assure the survival of some different plant species apart from the general vegetation cover, they also cause different physiological development of some plants. Generally, valleys in Cyprus have positive impacts on vegetation. Primarily due to their characteristics to form lower areas, they have mainly a positive impact through their holding humid weather and allow humid winds towards the interior. Valleys also have a major role in the protection of former natural vegetation of Cyprus. Nowadays, with the impact of global warming, the island with higher temperatures as well as aridification, encounters with the changes in climate and natural vegetation and even some plant species disappear. The valleys of Cyprus may become a place to survive and live for such plants while they may cause significant development and growth in size of some plants. Cedars (Cedrus libani brevifolia) in Cedar valley, Troodos, hazelnuts (Corryllus avellana) in Bitsilya valley, gray elms (Ulmus canescens,) Oriental alder (Alnus orientalis)in Diarizos and Stavros   and oriental planes (Platanus orientalis) in Karkot stream and Kamara stream have survived due to the microclimatic conditions of valleys. Therefore, the valleys located both in Troodos and north foothills of the Kyrenia Mountains shed light to the times with more humidity and are the evidence for the future significance of the impacts of valleys on diversification through their vegetation geography

Conciencia de la desertificación de la tierra cultivable entre estudiantes universitarios en Libia

Desertification is a severe ecological issue, including the dilapidation of land in parched, semi-arid, and dry sub-damp regions. It is caused basically by mankind's activities and climatic varieties. The first step in solving any environmental problem is to be aware of the actual problem. Hence, it is essential to ascertain the level of awareness of Libyans towards desert encroachment of arable land in Libya. 500 Tripoli university students were involved in this study. Four variables were hypothesized for this study with 3 belonging to the independent variable. The frequency distribution did show that the majority of the participants were concerned about the environment and desert encroachment of arable lands in Libya. It then boils down to the level of awareness of desert encroachment of Libyan arable lands among the age, gender, and residential location groups. The study affirms that there exists a relationship between awareness of desertification of Libyan arable lands and university student’s age, gender, and residential location.La desertificación es un problema ecológico grave, que incluye la dilapidación de la tierra en regiones secas, semiáridas y secas subhúmedas. Es causada básicamente por las actividades de la humanidad y las variedades climáticas. El primer paso para resolver cualquier problema ambiental es ser consciente del problema real. Por lo tanto, es esencial determinar el nivel de conciencia de los libios sobre la invasión del desierto de tierras de cultivo en Libia. 500 estudiantes universitarios de Trípoli participaron en este estudio. Se hipotetizaron cuatro variables para este estudio con 3 pertenecientes a la variable independiente. La distribución de frecuencias mostró que la mayoría de los participantes estaban preocupados por el medio ambiente y la invasión del desierto de las tierras de cultivo en Libia. El estudio afirma que existe una relación entre la conciencia de la desertificación de las tierras de cultivo libias y la edad, el género y la ubicación residencial de los estudiantes universitarios

Evaluation of host resistance inducers and conventional products for fire blight management in loquat and quince

Fire blight disease is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits. Due to the lack of effective, non-phytotoxic and publicly acceptable materials for controlling fire blight in pome fruit trees, new strategies to manage Erwinia amylovora fire blight are being sought. The resistance-inducing compounds prohexadione-Ca, harpin protein and benzothiadiazole (acibenzolar-S-methyl), the fertilizer humic acid, the bactericides streptomycin and copper salts, and combinations of copper with chemicals were evaluated for their ability to control fire blight on quince and loquat cultivars. Prohexadione-Ca was applied at a rate of 125 mg L-1 at two shoot lengths (6-12 cm and 15-20 cm), while benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl (135 mg L-1) and harpin (50 mg L-1) were applied when the shoots measured between 15-20 cm, and again at 30-35 cm. On loquat cv. Cukurgobek, benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl showed about 60% effectiveness. The addition of copper salts reduced the effectiveness of benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl. On quince cultivars, streptomycin (P ≤ 0.05) was the most effective treatment during both years, followed by the harpin protein alone and in combination with copper salts. Prohexadione-Ca, benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl, and harpin protein applications reduced disease severity on inoculated shoots compared with copper and untreated controls. Prohexadione-Ca reduced both shoot length and shoot blight on the two hosts. Humic acid applications were ineffective in controlling fire blight on loquat and quince cultivars. Quince cv. Eşme showed lower disease severity than cv. Ekmek (P ≤ 0.05). The use of resistance-inducing substances during the early phase of shoot growth may offer a means of managing the shoot blight phase of fire blight disease on quince and loquat.La brûlure bactérienne est l'une des maladies les plus néfastes chez les fruits à pépins. En l'absence de produits efficaces, non phytotoxiques et socialement acceptables pour lutter contre cette maladie causée par Erwinia amylovora chez les pomoïdées, de nouvelles stratégies sont recherchées. La capacité de certains composés pouvant induire de la résistance (prohéxadione-Ca, protéine harpine et benzothiadiazole (acibenzolar-S-méthyle)), de l'acide humique utilisé en tant que fertilisant, de bactéricides (streptomycine et sel de cuivre), ainsi que des combinaisons de cuivre et de produits chimiques à lutter contre la brûlure bactérienne chez des cultivars de néflier du Japon et de cognassier a été évaluée. La prohéxadione-Ca a été appliquée à un taux de 125 mg L-1 sur deux longueurs de pousses (6-12 cm et 15-20 cm), tandis que le benzothiadiazole + métalaxyl (135 mg L-1) et l'harpine (50 mg L-1) ont été appliqués sur des pousses alors qu'elles mesuraient entre 15 et 20 cm, puis à nouveau alors qu'elles mesuraient entre 30 et 35 cm. Chez le néflier du Japon cv. Cukurgobek, un taux d'efficacité d'environ 60 % a été obtenu avec le benzothia- diazole + métalaxyl; cependant, l'ajout de sel de cuivre en a réduit l'efficacité. Sur les cultivars de cognassier, la protéine harpine, utilisée seule et en combinaison avec le sel de cuivre, s'est avérée le traitement le plus efficace durant les deux années de l'étude, après la streptomycine (P ≤ 0.05). La prohéxadione-Ca, le benzothiadiazole + métalaxyl et les protéines harpines ont réussi à réduire la gravité de la maladie chez des pousses inoculées comparativement aux témoins traités au cuivre et aux témoins non traités. La prohéxadione-Ca a réduit à la fois la longueur et la brûlure des pousses chez les deux hôtes. Les applications d'acide humique n'ont pas réussi à réduire l'incidence de la brûlure bactérienne chez les cultivars de néflier du Japon et de cognassier. Le cognassier cv. Eşme a été moins gravement affecté par la maladie que le cv. Ekmek (P ≤ 0.05). L'utilisation de substances pouvant induire de la résistance durant la phase initiale de croissance des pousses peut être une façon de lutter contre la brûlure des pousses causée par la brûlure bactérienne chez le cognassier et le néflier du Japon

VIEWS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ADMINISTRATORS AND STUDENTS ON THE EXAMINATION OF CRISIS AND CHAOS SITUATIONS MANAGEMENT

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions and expectations of higher education administrators and students about the crisis and chaos situations management. Research was conducted in 2016-2017 academic year. The study group consisted of 41 people including 10 participants from Gazi, Başkent and Selçuk Universities each and 11 from Ankara University. This study was conducted by semi-structured interview method based on qualitative research approach. In the research, a nine-question form was used by the researcher. Content analysis method was used in data analysis. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that higher education administrators are not effective in crisis management and often intervened after the crisis has emerged and there is no preliminary preparation.Keywords: higher education, administrator, crisis, chaos

Investigation of articles on leadership and school management in turkey

The aim of this qualitative study is to analyse the content of randomly selected articles on leadership and school management published in scientific journals in Turkey, and to determine the descriptive characteristics, main and sub-dimensions, and general trends of those articles. For this purpose, the “leadership” and “school management” directories were scanned in Google Academy. The samples comprised randomly selected 30 articles that were published between the years of 2015-2021. The content analysis of these 30 articles was based on main and sub-themes. The results revealed that when the main themes of articles about leadership were examined, the subject of pedagogical leadership, effective leadership and rotational leadership were discussed more than other articles. In addition, in the articles related to school management, it was observed that organizational silence and favouritism emerged. These main themes created some negative sub-themes, such as fear, anxiety, anxiety, and lack of confidence and alienation of staff. In that case, it was observed that teachers were also influenced by their self-sufficiency perceptions