Writing Self, Writing Empire: Chandar Bhan Brahman and the Cultural World of the Indo-Persian State Secretary

"Writing Self, Writing Empire examines the life, career, and writings of the Mughal state secretary, or munshi, Chandar Bhan Brahman (d. ca. 1670), one of the great Indo-Persian poets and prose stylists of early modern South Asia. Chandar Bhan’s life spanned the reigns of four emperors: Akbar (1556–1605), Jahangir (1605–1627), Shah Jahan (1628–1658), and Aurangzeb ‘Alamgir (1658–1707), the last of the “Great Mughals” whose courts dominated the culture and politics of the subcontinent at the height of the empire’s power, territorial reach, and global influence. Chandar Bhan was a high-caste Hindu who worked for a series of Muslim monarchs and other officials, forming powerful friendships along the way; his experience bears vivid testimony to the pluralistic atmosphere of the Mughal court, particularly during the reign of Shah Jahan, the celebrated builder of the Taj Mahal. But his widely circulated and emulated works also touch on a range of topics central to our understanding of the court’s literary, mystical, administrative, and ethical cultures, while his letters and autobiographical writings provide tantalizing examples of early modern Indo-Persian modes of self-fashioning. Chandar Bhan’s oeuvre is a valuable window onto a crucial, though surprisingly neglected, period of Mughal cultural and political history.

Boundary corrections for a coaxial three-coil conductivity/velocity plasma probe Final report

Boundary corrections for coaxial three coil conductivity/velocity plasma prob

Random attractors for 2D and 3D stochastic convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations in some unbounded domains

In this work, we consider the two and three-dimensional stochastic convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (2D and 3D SCBF) equations driven by irregular additive white noise $$\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{u}-[\mu \Delta\boldsymbol{u}-(\boldsymbol{u}\cdot\nabla)\boldsymbol{u}-\alpha\boldsymbol{u}-\beta|\boldsymbol{u}|^{r-1}\boldsymbol{u}-\nabla p]\mathrm{d} t=\boldsymbol{f}\mathrm{d} t+\mathrm{d}\mathrm{W},\ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{u}=0,$$ for $r\in[1,\infty),$ $\mu,\alpha,\beta>0$ in unbounded domains (like Poincar\'e domains) $\mathcal{O}\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ ($d=2,3$) where $\mathrm{W}(\cdot)$ is a Hilbert space valued Wiener process on some given filtered probability space, and discuss the asymptotic behavior of its solution. For $d=2$ with $r\in[1,\infty)$ and $d=3$ with $r\in[3,\infty)$ (for $d=r=3$ with $2\beta\mu\geq 1$), we first prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution (in the analytic sense) satisfying the energy equality for SCBF equations driven by an irregular additive white noise in Poincar\'e domains by using a Faedo-Galerkin approximation technique. Since the energy equality for SCBF equations is not immediate, we construct a sequence which converges in Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces simultaneously and it helps us to demonstrate the energy equality. Then, we establish the existence of random attractors for the stochastic flow generated by the SCBF equations. One of the technical difficulties connected with the irregular white noise is overcome with the help of the corresponding Cameron-Martin space (or Reproducing Kernel Hilbert space). Finally, we address the existence of a unique invariant measure for 2D and 3D SCBF equations defined on Poincar\'e domains (bounded or unbounded). Moreover, we provide a remark on the extension of the above mentioned results to general unbounded domains also

Bi-spatial random attractor, ergodicity and a random Liouville type theorem for stochastic Navier-Stokes equations on the whole space

This article concerns the random dynamics and asymptotic analysis of the well known mathematical model, \begin{align*} \frac{\partial \boldsymbol{v}}{\partial t}-\nu \Delta\boldsymbol{v}+(\boldsymbol{v}\cdot\nabla)\boldsymbol{v}+\nabla p=\boldsymbol{f}, \ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{v}=0, \end{align*} the Navier-Stokes equations. We consider the two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equations (SNSE) driven by a linear multiplicative white noise of It\^o type on the whole space $\mathbb{R}^2$. Firstly, we prove that non-autonomous 2D SNSE generates a bi-spatial $(\mathbb{L}^2(\mathbb{R}^2),\mathbb{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^2))$-continuous random cocycle. Due to the bi-spatial continuity property of the random cocycle associated with SNSE, we show that if the initial data is in $\mathbb{L}^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$, then there exists a unique bi-spatial $(\mathbb{L}^2(\mathbb{R}^2),\mathbb{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^2))$-pullback random attractor for non-autonomous SNSE which is compact and attracting not only in $\mathbb{L}^2$-norm but also in $\mathbb{H}^1$-norm. Next, we discuss the existence of an invariant measure for the random cocycle associated with autonomous SNSE which is a consequence of the existence of random attractors. We prove the uniqueness of invariant measures for $\boldsymbol{f}=\mathbf{0}$ and for any $\nu>0$ by using the linear multiplicative structure of the noise coefficient and exponential stability of solutions. Finally, we prove the existence of a family of invariant sample measures for 2D autonomous SNSE which satisfies a random Liouville type theorem

Heath beliefs of UK South Asians related to lifestyle diseases: a review of qualitative literature.

OBJECTIVE: To review available qualitative evidence in the literature for health beliefs and perceptions specific to UK South Asian adults. Exploring available insight into the social and cultural constructs underlying perceptions related to health behaviours and lifestyle-related disease. METHODS: A search of central databases and ethnic minority research groups was augmented by hand-searching of reference lists. For included studies, quality was assessed using a predetermined checklist followed by metaethnography to synthesise the findings, using both reciprocal translation and line-of-argument synthesis to look at factors impacting uptake of health behaviours. RESULTS: A total of 10 papers varying in design and of good quality were included in the review. Cultural and social norms strongly influenced physical activity incidence and motivation as well as the ability to engage in healthy eating practices. CONCLUSIONS: These qualitative studies provide insight into approaches to health among UK South Asians in view of their social and cultural norms. Acknowledgement of their approach to lifestyle behaviours may assist acceptability of interventions and delivery of lifestyle advice by health professionals