Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Uso del calzado con suela inestable en linfedema de extremidades inferiores. Efecto sobre la calidad de vida y los síntomas percibidos

MBTNo data (2017)UE

Neuromuscular taping: fundamental concepts and clinical applications for the trunk and upper limb

Material docente de la asignatura de Procedimientos en Fisioterapia I. Grado en Fisioterapia de la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. En este material se describen los fundamentos principales del método y diferentes aplicaciones clínicas del vendaje neuromuscular en lesiones musculoesqueléticas del tronco y miembro superior.Teaching material for the subject Procedures in Physiotherapy I. Degree in Physiotherapy from the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid. This material describes the fundamental concepts of the method and different clinical applications of neuromuscular taping in trunk and upper limb musculoskeletal injuries.Sección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podologíaunpu

Functional taping for upper limb injuries

Material docente de la asignatura de Procedimientos en Fisioterapia I. Grado en Fisioterapia de la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. En este material se describen diferentes aplicaciones del vendaje funcional en lesiones musculoesqueléticas del miembro superior. Además, se muestra la aplicación de vendaje para lesiones musculares.Teaching material for the subject Procedures in Physiotherapy I. Degree in Physiotherapy from the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid. This material describes different applications of functional taping in upper limb musculoskeletal injuries. Besides, it shows the taping application for muscle tears.Sección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podologíaunpu

NEUROMUSCULAR TAPING: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS FOR LOWER LIMB

Material docente de la asignatura de Procedimientos en Fisioterapia II. Grado en Fisioterapia de la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. En este material se describen las diferentes aplicaciones clínicas del vendaje neuromuscular en lesiones musculoesqueléticas del miembro inferior.ABSTRACT Teaching material for the subject Procedures in Physiotherapy II. Degree in Physiotherapy from the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid. This material describes different clinical applications of neuromuscular taping in lower limb musculoskeletal injuries.Sección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podologíaunpu

Functional taping for lower limb injuries.

Material docente de la asignatura de Procedimientos en Fisioterapia I. Grado en Fisioterapia de la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. En este material se describen diferentes aplicaciones del vendaje funcional en lesiones musculoesqueléticas del miembro inferior.Teaching material for the subject Procedures in Physiotherapy I. Degree in Physiotherapy from the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid. This material describes different applications of functional taping in lower limb musculoskeletal injuries.Sección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podologíapu

Evidence Based Position Paper on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) practice for persons with spinal deformities during growth. The European PRM position (UEMS PRM Section)

Scoliosis and other spinal deformities involve 3-4% of the population during growth. Their so-called conservative treatment is in the field of competence of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) physicians. This evidence based position paper represents the official position of the European Union through the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) - PRM Section