Solving Fuzzy Job-Shop Scheduling Problems with a Multiobjective Optimizer

International audienceIn real-world manufacturing environments, it is common to face a job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) with uncertainty. Among different sources of uncertainty, processing times uncertainty is the most common. In this paper, we investigate the use of a multiobjective genetic algorithm to address JSPs with uncertain durations. Uncertain durations in a JSP are expressed by means of triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). Instead of using expected values as in other work, we consider all vertices of the TFN representing the overall completion time. As a consequence, the proposed approach tries to obtain a schedule that optimizes the three component scheduling problems (corresponding to the lowest, most probable, and largest durations) all at the same time. In order to verify the quality of solutions found by the proposed approach, an experimental study was carried out across different benchmark instances. In all experiments, comparisons with previous approaches that are based on a single-objective genetic algorithm were also performed

A novel model of tumour formation in NF1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder that predisposes to the development of heterogeneous tumours of Schwann cell origin, termed neurofibromas. Neurofibromas are thought to arise from a combination of genetic events – loss of the Ras-GAP neurofibromin in the Schwann cell lineage – and microenvironmental cues. Schwann cells are specialised cells that ensheath and myelinate the axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the adult they are present in a quiescent state, however following damage to the PNS they have a remarkable ability to regenerate. Distal to the site of injury, Schwann cells dedifferentiate to a progenitor-like state, in which they contribute to nerve repair by recruiting a robust inflammatory response and helping axons return to their targets. Work from our laboratory has shown that activation of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway plays a central role in driving the switch in Schwann cell state from a fully differentiated to a proliferating, “progenitor-like” cell. Crucially, neurofibromas resemble injured nerves in that they are composed of a mixture of inflammatory cells and Schwann cells that are found dedifferentiated and dissociated from axons, suggesting that deregulation of Ras/ERK may trigger tumourigenic events. In this thesis I present work on how the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway may be regulated in Schwann cells. I show that the phosphatase MKP3 may be involved in controlling the levels of ERK activity in Schwann cells during differentiation and following nerve injury. I also describe a new model for neurofibroma formation. Using transgenic mice I show that Nf1 loss in adult, myelinating Schwann cells has no effect on peripheral nerves and does not induce tumourigenesis. However, when coupled with an injury, the mice developed tumours at a high frequency. Furthermore, I show that in the absence of Nf1, ERK signalling is deregulated upon injury, implicating this pathway in the tumour formation. This may have therapeutic relevance, which is currently being tested in our animal model. In addition, we observed that tumours only arise at the wound site, despite Schwann cells dedifferentiating along the length of the nerve. This strongly implies that the microenvironment is a crucial player in the outcome of Nf1 loss and reveals this new animal model as a promising system to further dissect molecular events involved in tumourigenesis

Measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is based on a data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector with an integrated luminosity of 0.30 pb^-1 for jets with transverse momentum between 25 and 70 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta| < 2.5. D*+/- mesons found in jets are fully reconstructed in the decay chain: D*+ -> D0pi+, D0 -> K-pi+, and its charge conjugate. The production rate is found to be N(D*+/-)/N(jet) = 0.025 +/- 0.001(stat.) +/- 0.004(syst.) for D*+/- mesons that carry a fraction z of the jet momentum in the range 0.3 < z < 1. Monte Carlo predictions fail to describe the data at small values of z, and this is most marked at low jet transverse momentum.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 5 figures, 1 table, matches published version in Physical Review

U-Pb dating of the Paimán Granite, Sierra de Paimán, Chilecito, La Rioja

Se da a conocer los resultados de la datación U-Pb convencional en circones del Granito Paimán, uno de los componentes del flanco oriental del Sistema de Famatina. Fueron analizadas cinco fracciones de cristales de circón de un granito porfiroide, característico de la unidad. Los resultados son coherentes entre sí y proveen una edad de 477,6 ± 4,1 Ma, que ubican la edad de cristalización y emplazamiento en el Ordovícico Temprano. La datación corrobora su asignación a la fase magmática oclóyica y específicamente al cinturón famatiniano. El análisis del presente y otros datos U-Pb previos de otras rocas graníticas del cinturón famatiniano entre los 28º y 33º S, permiten delimitar un estrecho lapso (alrededor de 20 Ma) de actividad ígnea, sin poderse determinar ninguna polaridad en la producción del magmatismo.Conventional U-Pb zircon ages for the Paimán Granite are presented. The magmatic unit crops out in the eastern border of the Famatina range. Five zircon fractions were analysed from a coarse porphyritic granitoid, the major component in the Paimán-Chilecito area. Results are concordant for the five fractions and the mean 206Pb/238U age of 477.6 ± 4.1 Ma is Early Ordovician. This age confirms that the Paimán Granite is part of the Ocloyic magmatic phase and Famatinian belt. The present age together with the previous U-Pb ages from granitoids of the Famatinian belt between 28º and 33º S suggest that the magmatic activity occurred over a short time span of about 20 Ma, following no noticeable internal polarity within the belt.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica

U-Pb dating of the Paimán Granite, Sierra de Paimán, Chilecito, La Rioja

Se da a conocer los resultados de la datación U-Pb convencional en circones del Granito Paimán, uno de los componentes del flanco oriental del Sistema de Famatina. Fueron analizadas cinco fracciones de cristales de circón de un granito porfiroide, característico de la unidad. Los resultados son coherentes entre sí y proveen una edad de 477,6 ± 4,1 Ma, que ubican la edad de cristalización y emplazamiento en el Ordovícico Temprano. La datación corrobora su asignación a la fase magmática oclóyica y específicamente al cinturón famatiniano. El análisis del presente y otros datos U-Pb previos de otras rocas graníticas del cinturón famatiniano entre los 28º y 33º S, permiten delimitar un estrecho lapso (alrededor de 20 Ma) de actividad ígnea, sin poderse determinar ninguna polaridad en la producción del magmatismo.Conventional U-Pb zircon ages for the Paimán Granite are presented. The magmatic unit crops out in the eastern border of the Famatina range. Five zircon fractions were analysed from a coarse porphyritic granitoid, the major component in the Paimán-Chilecito area. Results are concordant for the five fractions and the mean 206Pb/238U age of 477.6 ± 4.1 Ma is Early Ordovician. This age confirms that the Paimán Granite is part of the Ocloyic magmatic phase and Famatinian belt. The present age together with the previous U-Pb ages from granitoids of the Famatinian belt between 28º and 33º S suggest that the magmatic activity occurred over a short time span of about 20 Ma, following no noticeable internal polarity within the belt.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica

U-Pb dating of the Paimán Granite, Sierra de Paimán, Chilecito, La Rioja

Se da a conocer los resultados de la datación U-Pb convencional en circones del Granito Paimán, uno de los componentes del flanco oriental del Sistema de Famatina. Fueron analizadas cinco fracciones de cristales de circón de un granito porfiroide, característico de la unidad. Los resultados son coherentes entre sí y proveen una edad de 477,6 ± 4,1 Ma, que ubican la edad de cristalización y emplazamiento en el Ordovícico Temprano. La datación corrobora su asignación a la fase magmática oclóyica y específicamente al cinturón famatiniano. El análisis del presente y otros datos U-Pb previos de otras rocas graníticas del cinturón famatiniano entre los 28º y 33º S, permiten delimitar un estrecho lapso (alrededor de 20 Ma) de actividad ígnea, sin poderse determinar ninguna polaridad en la producción del magmatismo.Conventional U-Pb zircon ages for the Paimán Granite are presented. The magmatic unit crops out in the eastern border of the Famatina range. Five zircon fractions were analysed from a coarse porphyritic granitoid, the major component in the Paimán-Chilecito area. Results are concordant for the five fractions and the mean 206Pb/238U age of 477.6 ± 4.1 Ma is Early Ordovician. This age confirms that the Paimán Granite is part of the Ocloyic magmatic phase and Famatinian belt. The present age together with the previous U-Pb ages from granitoids of the Famatinian belt between 28º and 33º S suggest that the magmatic activity occurred over a short time span of about 20 Ma, following no noticeable internal polarity within the belt.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica

Search for supersymmetry in final states with jets, missing transverse momentum and one isolated lepton in sqrt{s} = 7 TeV pp collisions using 1 fb-1 of ATLAS data

We present an update of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum, and one isolated electron or muon, using 1.04 fb^-1 of proton-proton collision data at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in the first half of 2011. The analysis is carried out in four distinct signal regions with either three or four jets and variations on the (missing) transverse momentum cuts, resulting in optimized limits for various supersymmetry models. No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed. Limits are set on the visible cross-section of new physics within the kinematic requirements of the search. The results are interpreted as limits on the parameters of the minimal supergravity framework, limits on cross-sections of simplified models with specific squark and gluino decay modes, and limits on parameters of a model with bilinear R-parity violation.Comment: 18 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 9 figures, 4 tables, final version to appear in Physical Review

Reducing heterotic M-theory to five dimensional supergravity on a manifold with boundary

This paper constructs the reduction of heterotic $M$-theory in eleven dimensions to a supergravity model on a manifold with boundary in five dimensions using a Calabi-Yau three-fold. New results are presented for the boundary terms in the action and for the boundary conditions on the bulk fields. Some general features of dualisation on a manifold with boundary are used to explain the origin of some topological terms in the action. The effect of gaugino condensation on the fermion boundary conditions leads to a `twist' in the chirality of the gravitino which can provide an uplifting mechanism in the vacuum energy to cancel the cosmological constant after moduli stabilisation.Comment: 16 pages, RevTe

<i>Gaia</i> Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties

Context. At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion sources brighter than magnitude 20.7. Aims. A summary of Gaia DR1 is presented along with illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release. Methods. The raw data collected by Gaia during the first 14 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into an astrometric and photometric catalogue. Results. Gaia DR1 consists of three components: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions, parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars in common with the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues – a realisation of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) – and a secondary astrometric data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The second component is the photometric data set, consisting of mean G-band magnitudes for all sources. The G-band light curves and the characteristics of ∼3000 Cepheid and RR-Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 1 mas yr−1 for the proper motions. A systematic component of ∼0.3 mas should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of ∼94 000 HIPPARCOS stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more precise at about 0.06 mas yr−1. For the secondary astrometric data set, the typical uncertainty of the positions is ∼10 mas. The median uncertainties on the mean G-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to ∼0.03 mag over the magnitude range 5 to 20.7. Conclusions. Gaia DR1 is an important milestone ahead of the next Gaia data release, which will feature five-parameter astrometry for all sources. Extensive validation shows that Gaia DR1 represents a major advance in the mapping of the heavens and the availability of basic stellar data that underpin observational astrophysics. Nevertheless, the very preliminary nature of this first Gaia data release does lead to a number of important limitations to the data quality which should be carefully considered before drawing conclusions from the data

Measurement of tau polarization in W->taunu decays with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

In this paper, a measurement of tau polarization in W->taunu decays is presented. It is measured from the energies of the decay products in hadronic tau decays with a single final state charged particle. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 24 pb^-1, were collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2010. The measured value of the tau polarization is Ptau = -1.06 +/- 0.04 (stat) + 0.05 (syst) - 0.07 (syst), in agreement with the Standard Model prediction, and is consistent with a physically allowed 95% CL interval [-1,-0.91]. Measurements of tau polarization have not previously been made at hadron colliders.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (25 pages total), 4 figures, 4 tables, revised author list, matches published EPJC versio