EFECTO DE CALDO SULFOCÁLCICO EN EL CONTROL DE GARRAPATAS DEL GANADO BOVINO

Las garrapatas son artrópodos hematófagos, que parasitan en toda clase de mamíferos, aves, reptiles e incluso anfibios, distribuidos por casi todas las regiones del mundo. Son conocidas aproximadamente 879 especies de garrapatas, pertenecientes a 2 familias principales, las “garrapatas duras” o Ixodidae, denominadas así por poseer un escudo dorsal esclerotizado, y las “garrapatas blandas” o Argasidae, denominadas así por la presencia de una cutícula externa flexible. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de caldo sulfocálcico para el control de garrapatas, como un tratamiento menos nocivo al ambiente y con menor costo económico. Dado que la investigación se manejó bajo condiciones controladas las unidades de análisis se desarrollaron bajo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA). Se ha concluido que estadísticamente todos los tratamientos son iguales entre sí; sin embargo, se observa que la cipermetrina a razón de 3ml/litro de agua y el caldo sulfocálcico a razón de 20% sobre volumen de agua son los que eliminan el mayor número de garrapatas (90 y 89% respectivamente), el caldo sulfocálcico a razón de 10% sobre volumen de agua logró controlar el 43% de las garrapatas en la región del cuello, se descarta este tratamiento. Se recomienda a los ganaderos tener la opción del caldo sulfocálcico a razón del 20% sobre volumen de agua cada 21 días para romper el ciclo de la garrapata y observar un mejor control del parasito.SummaryTicks are blood-sucking arthropods that parasitize in all kinds of mammals, birds, reptiles and even amphibians, spread across almost all regions of the world. Are known about 879 tick species belonging to two main families, "hard ticks" or Ixodidae and labeled by having a dorsal shield sclerotic, and "soft ticks" or Argasidae, labeled by the presence of a flexible outer cuticle . In this research, the effect of sulfocálcico broth to control ticks, as a treatment less harmful to the environment and less economic cost was evaluated. Since the investigation was handle under controlled conditions, the units of analysis conducted under a completely randomized design (DCA). It was concluded that all treatments are statistically equal to each other; however, it is observed that Cypermethrin at a rate of 3 ml / liter of water and sulfocálcico broth at 20% on volume of water eliminate as many ticks (90 and 89% respectively), the sulfocálcico broth rate of 10%.  In regards to the volume of water, however, 43% of ticks around the neck was controlled. This treatment discarded. Ranchers recommend having the option of sulfocálcico broth at a rate of 20% on volume of water every 21 days to break the cycle of the tick and look better control of the parasite

Effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris Utex 1803 using response surface methodology

Microalgae are an attractive source of metabolites, such as lipids, proteins, pigments and carbohydrates, of potential interest to the pharmaceutical, food and energy sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella Vulgaris. A 3 3 experimental design was performed with STATISTICA 7.0 software in order to determine the effects of flocculant (AlCl 3 ) addition, pH and time. The best strategy of pH adjustment-flocculant addition was evaluated, followed by lipid extraction under optimal conditions. pH adjustment after the addition of flocculant provided higher flocculation efficiencies (87.2-98.9%) compared to adjustments made before adding the flocculant (67.8-85.9%). Experiments performed according to the experimental design led to a flocculation efficiency of 99.7% when 100 mg/L of AlCl 3 , pH 7 and a cultivation time of 18.3 days were used. The percentage of a lipid extract from the flocculated biomass was 2.7% and the flocculant did not affect the production of fatty acid methyl esters

Evaluation of the effect of flocculation on harvesting of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp

Microalgae have recently emerged as an attractive source of products for the food, energy and pharmaceutical industries due to their high biomass productivity, metabolic versatility and environmental sustainability. This work focuses on the effect of flocculation on the harvesting of microalgae Nannochloropsissp. Through a three-factor experimental design. The most suitable conditions for flocculation were determined based on flocculant (AlCl3) dosage, pH and culture time. In addition, flocculant adding-pH adjustment methods were studied and harvesting was performed according to the method that provided the best results. The pH adjustment after flocculant addition showed higher flocculation efficiency (above 90%) compared to the reverse process. It was also found that the microalgae cells exhibited spontaneous sedimentation, suggesting that the use of flocculant is not required for biomass collection

Preparation of Pt catalysts supported on activated carbon felts (ACF)

Activated carbon felts (ACFs) have been used as supports for Pt catalysts. The preparation was carried out by the impregnation method using chloroplatinic acid as metal precursor. The effect of impregnation time and surface chemistry of the support on the catalytic properties and the characteristics of the metallic phase have been investigated. Nitrobenzene (Nbz) hydrogenation in liquid phase at 25 °C and cyclohexane (CH) dehydrogenation in gas phase at 300 °C were used as catalytic tests. The state of platinum in reduced catalysts (at 100 and 350 °C) was studied by TPR and XPS. Oxygen surface groups only produce a slight effect on the catalytic properties. The use of low impregnation times (30 min) during the preparation of Pt/ACF leads to catalysts with Pt mainly deposited in the outer shell of the fibers, while at higher impregnation times, the metallic atoms seem to be deposited inside the pores. Pt(0) species appear in catalysts reduced at 100 °C by effect of the reducing properties of the carbon fiber exhibiting a considerable catalytic activity for Nbz hydrogenation.Fil: de Miguel, Sergio Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Vilella, Irene María Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Jablonski, Estanislao Lorenzo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Scelza, Osvaldo Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Salinas Martinez de Lecea, C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Linares Solano, A.. Universidad de Alicante; Españ

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Diseño para el desarrollo sustentable y la habitabilidad segura e incluyente

Este libro se divide en dos partes que permiten permear en el campo de la enseñanza del diseño; la primera se enfoca en temáticas que se desprenden del diseño en la educación para la sustentabilidad; en la segunda, se identifican las tendencias del diseño como un modo de verlo y sentirlo: va desde el diseño emocional hacia uno de conservación, reúso y reparación de objetos para reducir el consumo de recursos materiales

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Efecto de caldo sulfocálcico en el control de garrapatas del ganado bovino

Las garrapatas son artrópodos hematófagos, que parasitan en toda clase de mamíferos, aves, reptiles e incluso anfibios, distribuidos por casi todas las regiones del mundo. Son conocidas aproximadamente 879 especies de garrapatas, pertenecientes a 2 familias principales, las “garrapatas duras” o Ixodidae, denominadas así por poseer un escudo dorsal esclerotizado, y las “garrapatas blandas” o Argasidae, denominadas así por la presencia de una cutícula externa flexible. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de caldo sulfocálcico para el control de garrapatas, como un tratamiento menos nocivo al ambiente y con menor costo económico. Dado que la investigación se manejó bajo condiciones controladas las unidades de análisis se desarrollaron bajo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA). Se ha concluido que estadísticamente todos los tratamientos son iguales entre sí; sin embargo, se observa que la cipermetrina a razón de 3ml/litro de agua y el caldo sulfocálcico a razón de 20% sobre volumen de agua son los que eliminan el mayor número de garrapatas (90 y 89% respectivamente), el caldo sulfocálcico a razón de 10% sobre volumen de agua logró controlar el 43% de las garrapatas en la región del cuello, se descarta este tratamiento. Se recomienda a los ganaderos tener la opción del caldo sulfocálcico a razón del 20% sobre volumen de agua cada 21 días para romper el ciclo de la garrapata y observar un mejor control del parásito

Efecto de caldo sulfocálcico en el control de garraptas del ganado bovino

Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods that parasitize in all kinds of mammals, birds, reptiles and even amphibians, spread across almost all regions of the world. Are known about 879 tick species belonging to two main families, "hard ticks" or Ixodidae and labeled by having a dorsal shield sclerotic, and "soft ticks" or Argasidae, labeled by the presence of a flexible outer cuticle . In this research, the effect of sulfocálcico broth to control ticks, as a treatment less harmful to the environment and less economic cost was evaluated. Since the investigation was handle under controlled conditions, the units of analysis conducted under a completely randomized design (DCA). It was concluded that all treatments are statistically equal to each other; however, it is observed that Cypermethrin at a rate of 3 ml / liter of water and sulfocálcico broth at 20% on volume of water eliminate as many ticks (90 and 89% respectively), the sulfocálcico broth rate of 10%.  In regards to the volume of water, however, 43% of ticks around the neck was controlled. This treatment discarded. Ranchers recommend having the option of sulfocálcico broth at a rate of 20% on volume of water every 21 days to break the cycle of the tick and look better control of the parasite.Las garrapatas son artrópodos hematófagos, que parasitan en toda clase de mamíferos, aves, reptiles e incluso anfibios, distribuidos por casi todas las regiones del mundo. Son conocidas aproximadamente 879 especies de garrapatas, pertenecientes a 2 familias principales, las “garrapatas duras” o Ixodidae, denominadas así por poseer un escudo dorsal esclerotizado, y las “garrapatas blandas” o Argasidae, denominadas así por la presencia de una cutícula externa flexible. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de caldo sulfocálcico para el control de garrapatas, como un tratamiento menos nocivo al ambiente y con menor costo económico. Dado que la investigación se manejó bajo condiciones controladas las unidades de análisis se desarrollaron bajo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA). Se ha concluido que estadísticamente todos los tratamientos son iguales entre sí; sin embargo, se observa que la cipermetrina a razón de 3ml/litro de agua y el caldo sulfocálcico a razón de 20% sobre volumen de agua son los que eliminan el mayor número de garrapatas (90 y 89% respectivamente), el caldo sulfocálcico a razón de 10% sobre volumen de agua logró controlar el 43% de las garrapatas en la región del cuello, se descarta este tratamiento. Se recomienda a los ganaderos tener la opción del caldo sulfocálcico a razón del 20% sobre volumen de agua cada 21 días para romper el ciclo de la garrapata y observar un mejor control del parasito

Efecto de caldo sulfocálcico en el control de garrapatas del ganado bovino

Las garrapatas son artrópodos hematófagos, que parasitan en toda clase de mamíferos, aves, reptiles e incluso anfibios, distribuidos por casi todas las regiones del mundo. Son conocidas aproximadamente 879 especies de garrapatas, pertenecientes a 2 familias principales, las “garrapatas duras” o Ixodidae, denominadas así por poseer un escudo dorsal esclerotizado, y las “garrapatas blandas” o Argasidae, denominadas así por la presencia de una cutícula externa flexible. En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de caldo sulfocálcico para el control de garrapatas, como un tratamiento menos nocivo al ambiente y con menor costo económico. Dado que la investigación se manejó bajo condiciones controladas las unidades de análisis se desarrollaron bajo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA). Se ha concluido que estadísticamente todos los tratamientos son iguales entre sí; sin embargo, se observa que la cipermetrina a razón de 3ml/litro de agua y el caldo sulfocálcico a razón de 20% sobre volumen de agua son los que eliminan el mayor número de garrapatas (90 y 89% respectivamente), el caldo sulfocálcico a razón de 10% sobre volumen de agua logró controlar el 43% de las garrapatas en la región del cuello, se descarta este tratamiento. Se recomienda a los ganaderos tener la opción del caldo sulfocálcico a razón del 20% sobre volumen de agua cada 21 días para romper el ciclo de la garrapata y observar un mejor control del parásito