Maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden tukeminen koulussa

Pro Gradu -tutkielmani tarjoaa tietoa siitä, miten opettajat tukevat maahanmuuttajaoppilaita koulussa. Tulosten mukaan maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden tukeminen koulussa ei ole yksiselitteistä. Tämän vuoksi opettajien on otettava huomioon monia eri asioita maahanmuuttajaoppilaita tuettaessa. Maahanmuuttajaoppilaita tuetaan kouluissa kasvamaan osaksi suomalaista yhteiskuntaa. Maahanmuuttajaoppilaita tuetaan heidän suomen kielen taidon kehittämisessä sekä opiskelussa. Maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden kulttuuri on myös tärkeää ottaa huomioon opetuksen aikana. Suurimpia haasteita maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden tukemisessa ovat heidän puutteellinen suomen kielen taito sekä kulttuurierot. Puutteellinen kielitaito ja kulttuurierot luovat myös haasteita maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden vanhempien kanssa tehtävään yhteistyöhön. Jos yhteistä kieltä ei ole, yhteistyön tekeminen on vaikeampaa. Suomalainen koulutusjärjestelmä poikkeaa usein muiden maiden koulutusjärjestelmästä, minkä vuoksi maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden vanhemmille on tärkeää kertoa suomalaisen koulutusjärjestelmän käytänteistä. Tutkielmani on kvalitatiivinen tutkimus. Toteutin aineistonkeruun haastattelemalla opettajia, jotka työskentelevät maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden kanssa. Haastattelin tutkielmaani varten kuusi opettajaa kasvotusten. Haastattelut on analysoitu sisällönanalyysinmenetelmällä. Tutkielmani keskeisiksi teemoiksi nousivat maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden kielitaito ja kulttuurierot, heidän oppimisen tukeminen sekä opettajien saama tuki ja koulutus maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden tukemiseen. Aihetta on ajankohtaista tutkia, koska maahanmuutto on lisääntynyt Suomessa viimeisen 20 vuoden aikana. Tulevaisuudessa on tärkeää tutkia, miten opettajien koulutusta ja suomalaista koulutusjärjestelmää tulisi kehittää, jotta se pystyy vastaamaan paremmin globaalisoituvan maailman haasteisiin. Maahanmuuttajaoppilaalle on tärkeää mahdollistaa oman identiteetin kehittäminen ja tarjota hänelle mahdollisuudet kasvaa osaksi suomalaista yhteiskuntaa

More Than One Way to Float Your Boat : Product Use and Sustainability Impacts

Peer reviewe

A network including TGFβ/Smad4, Gata2 and p57 regulates proliferation of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a potent inhibitor of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation. However, the precise mechanism for this effect is unknown. Here, we have identified the transcription factor Gata2, previously described as an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, as an early and direct target gene for TGFβ-induced Smad signaling in hematopoietic progenitor cells. We also report that Gata2 is involved in mediating a significant part of the TGFβ response in primitive hematopoietic cells. Interestingly, the cell cycle regulator and TGFβ signaling effector molecule p57 was found to be upregulated as a secondary response to TGFβ. We observed Gata2 binding upstream of the p57 genomic locus, and importantly loss of Gata2 abolished TGFβ-stimulated induction of p57 as well as the resulting growth arrest of hematopoietic progenitors. Our results connect key molecules involved in HSC self-renewal and reveal a functionally relevant network regulating proliferation of primitive hematopoietic cells

An inter-comparison exercise on the application of ICP-MS techniques for measurement of long-lived radionuclides

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry techniques are widely used in the fields related to environmental monitoring, nuclear waste disposal and management, radioecology and tracer studies, as well as nuclear forensics and nuclear emergency preparedness. Especially ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is playing an important role for determination of low-level long-lived radionuclides and their isotopic ratios. ICP optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is commonly used for determining stable elements (Al, Fe, Ca, etc.) and cannot perform isotopic ratio measurement with desirable precision and at low analyte concentrations. Therefore ICP-OES is often used as a supplementary technique to ICP-MS in the analysis, for instance, to screen the matrix composition of a sample, or to determine Sr and Y chemical yield in the Sr-90 analysis, etc. Among the Nordic countries, there are probably less than 20 ICP-MS instruments which are currently applied in the nuclear field for the measurement of radionuclides and their isotopic ratios. Due to different application purposes and technical background of the analysts, each ICP lab has different set-ups and experiences in running these instruments. More efficient application of ICP-MS will be achieved when these experiences are well shared among these labs. Also, for newly established ICP labs or scientists/students in the Nordic countries to quickly build up the competence in operating their instruments in practice, hands-on experience is very valuable. Therefore, within the Nordic-ICP project, an inter-comparison exercise was performed during 2016, which was focused on the measurement of uranium and plutonium isotopes in certified reference material by ICP-MS in combination with radiochemical separation. This report summarizes the results and conclusions obtained base on this inter-comparison exercise

Blue justice : A survey for eliciting perceptions of environmental justice among coastal planners' and small-scale fishers in Northern-Norway

Ocean-based economic development arising from an increasing interest in the 'blue economy' is placing ecosystems and small-scale fisheries under pressure. The dominant policy response for dealing with multiple uses is the allocation of coastal space through coastal zone planning (CZP). Recent studies have shown that the rush to develop the blue economy and regulate coastal activity can result in social injustices and the exclusion of less powerful and unrecognized groups (e.g., small-scale fishers, women, Indigenous peoples and youth). To achieve a primary goal of the 2030 sustainable development agenda to "leave no one behind", it is important to understand the implications of coastal planning and development for these groups. Here, we present a social survey protocol for examining perceptions of justice related to small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the context of the blue economy in coastal areas. Specifically, we designed the survey instrument and sampling protocol to assess whether decisions about the use of the coastal zone over the last five years have i) followed principles of good governance, ii) recognized fishers' knowledge, culture and rights and iii) been attentive to impacts of changed coastal zone use on fisheries. The survey will engage coastal planners (N = app. 120) and fishers (N = app. 4300) in all the coastal municipalities (N = 81) in Northern-Norway. The sampling protocol is designed to ensure representation of different sectors of society, including those defined by gender, age, ethnicity and occupation (e.g., small-scale fishers, large-scale fishers, coastal planners).Peer reviewe

Metabolic analysis of the interaction between plants and herbivores

Insect herbivores by necessity have to deal with a large arsenal of plant defence metabolites. The levels of defence compounds may be increased by insect damage. These induced plant responses may also affect the metabolism and performance of successive insect herbivores. As the chemical nature of induced responses is largely unknown, global metabolomic analyses are a valuable tool to gain more insight into the metabolites possibly involved in such interactions. This study analyzed the interaction between feral cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and small cabbage white caterpillars (Pieris rapae) and how previous attacks to the plant affect the caterpillar metabolism. Because plants may be induced by shoot and root herbivory, we compared shoot and root induction by treating the plants on either plant part with jasmonic acid. Extracts of the plants and the caterpillars were chemically analysed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLCT/MS). The study revealed that the levels of three structurally related coumaroylquinic acids were elevated in plants treated on the shoot. The levels of these compounds in plants and caterpillars were highly correlated: these compounds were defined as the ‘metabolic interface’. The role of these metabolites could only be discovered using simultaneous analysis of the plant and caterpillar metabolomes. We conclude that a metabolomics approach is useful in discovering unexpected bioactive compounds involved in ecological interactions between plants and their herbivores and higher trophic levels.

In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in bipolar disorder—A mega-analysis from The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Bipolar Disorder Working Group

The hippocampus consists of anatomically and functionally distinct subfields that may be differentially involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Here we, the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis Bipolar Disorder workinggroup, study hippocampal subfield volumetry in BD. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans from 4,698 individuals (BD = 1,472, healthy controls [HC] = 3,226) from 23 sites worldwide were processed with FreeSurfer. We used linear mixed‐effects models and mega‐analysis to investigate differences in hippocampal subfield volumes between BD and HC, followed by analyses of clinical characteristics and medication use. BD showed significantly smaller volumes of the whole hippocampus (Cohen's d = −0.20), cornu ammonis (CA)1 (d = −0.18), CA2/3 (d = −0.11), CA4 (d = −0.19), molecular layer (d = −0.21), granule cell layer of dentate gyrus (d = −0.21), hippocampal tail (d = −0.10), subiculum (d = −0.15), presubiculum (d = −0.18), and hippocampal amygdala transition area (d = −0.17) compared to HC. Lithium users did not show volume differences compared to HC, while non‐users did. Antipsychotics or antiepileptic use was associated with smaller volumes. In this largest study of hippocampal subfields in BD to date, we show widespread reductions in nine of 12 subfields studied. The associations were modulated by medication use and specifically the lack of differences between lithium users and HC supports a possible protective role of lithium in BD

Pharmacokinetic aspects of retinal drug delivery

Drug delivery to the posterior eye segment is an important challenge in ophthalmology, because many diseases affect the retina and choroid leading to impaired vision or blindness. Currently, intravitreal injections are the method of choice to administer drugs to the retina, but this approach is applicable only in selected cases (e.g. anti-VEGF antibodies and soluble receptors). There are two basic approaches that can be adopted to improve retinal drug delivery: prolonged and/or retina targeted delivery of intravitreal drugs and use of other routes of drug administration, such as periocular, suprachoroidal, sub-retinal, systemic, or topical. Properties of the administration route, drug and delivery system determine the efficacy and safety of these approaches. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors determine the required dosing rates and doses that are needed for drug action. In addition, tolerability factors limit the use of many materials in ocular drug delivery. This review article provides a critical discussion of retinal drug delivery, particularly from the pharmacokinetic point of view. This article does not include an extensive review of drug delivery technologies, because they have already been reviewed several times recently. Instead, we aim to provide a systematic and quantitative view on the pharmacokinetic factors in drug delivery to the posterior eye segment. This review is based on the literature and unpublished data from the authors' laboratory.Peer reviewe