Social Media, Venue and the Right to a Fair Trial

Judicial failure to recognize social media\u27s influence on juror decision making has identifiable constitutional implications. The Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial demands that courts grant a defendant\u27s change of venue motion when media-generated pretrial publicity invades the unbiased sensibility of those who are asked to sit in judgment. Courts limit publicity suitable for granting a defendant\u27s motion to information culled from newspapers, radio, and television reports. Since about 2014, however, a handful of defendants have introduced social media posts to support their claims of unconstitutional bias in the community. Despite defendants\u27 introduction of negative social media in support of their claims, these same courts have yet to include social media in their evaluation of pretrial publicity bias. But social media is media, and as this article demonstrates, trial court judges faced with deciding change of venue motions have a constitutional obligation to include social media in their evaluations. The collective refusal to treat social media the same as biased television, radio, or print media, suggests an erroneous assumption on the part of lower courts that social media is somehow different. This article identifies three reasons as justification for dismissing social media: social media is too recent a medium to fully understand and analyze, social media is not a legitimate news source, and social media is opinion based. Application of pretrial social media publicity to long-standing Supreme Court change of venue doctrine, coupled with its exploration of scientific and social research on social media influence, debunk these lower court rationalizations. This article demonstrates that the reluctance of courts to consider social media evidence when deciding whether to grant a motion for a change of venue is a violation of any defendant\u27s Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial. On a larger scale, the article demands that courts embrace our new reality. Social media intersects with criminal justice, and our daily lives, in ways that demand judicial recognition

Point and Interval Estimation on the Degree and the Angle of Polarization. A Bayesian approach

Linear polarization measurements provide access to two quantities, the degree (DOP) and the angle of polarization (AOP). The aim of this work is to give a complete and concise overview of how to analyze polarimetric measurements. We review interval estimations for the DOP with a frequentist and a Bayesian approach. Point estimations for the DOP and interval estimations for the AOP are further investigated with a Bayesian approach to match observational needs. Point and interval estimations are calculated numerically for frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to clarify the meaning of the calculations. Under observational conditions, the true DOP and AOP are unknown, so that classical statistical considerations - based on true values - are not directly usable. In contrast, Bayesian statistics handles unknown true values very well and produces point and interval estimations for DOP and AOP, directly. Using a Bayesian approach, we show how to choose DOP point estimations based on the measured signal-to-noise ratio. Interval estimations for the DOP show great differences in the limit of low signal-to-noise ratios between the classical and Bayesian approach. AOP interval estimations that are based on observational data are presented for the first time. All results are directly usable via plots and parametric fits.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures, 3 table

The Life in Gendhing: Current Approaches to Javanese Gamelan

Page range: 169-18

Identifying new signaling pathways involved in engulfment by follicle cells in the Drosophila ovary: a kinase screen

Programmed cell death and cell corpse clearance are an essential part of an organism’s overall health and development. Cell corpses are often engulfed by professional phagocytes such as macrophages. However, in certain tissues, neighboring non-professional cells can also carry out phagocytic functions. Here, we use the Drosophila melanogaster ovary to investigate novel genes required for engulfment by non-professional phagocytes. In the Drosophila ovary, neighboring epithelial cells facilitate the clearance of dying germline cells. We performed an unbiased kinase screen to identify novel proteins and pathways involved in cell clearance in the nurse cell. Several genes identified in this screen were members of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. The class II and III PI3Ks are required for nurse cell clearance and acidification during late-stage oogenesis. Class I PI3K is required for progression during engulfment in mid-stage oogenesis. This kinase screen has revealed novel genes for further exploration and investigation.2019-02-28T00:00:00

Henri Temianka Correspondence; (tenzer)

This collection contains material pertaining to the life, career, and activities of Henri Temianka, violin virtuoso, conductor, music teacher, and author. Materials include correspondence, concert programs and flyers, music scores, photographs, and books.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/4202/thumbnail.jp

Henri Temianka Correspondence; (tenzer)

This collection contains material pertaining to the life, career, and activities of Henri Temianka, violin virtuoso, conductor, music teacher, and author. Materials include correspondence, concert programs and flyers, music scores, photographs, and books.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/4203/thumbnail.jp

Subdivision and genetic structure of four populations of Venturia inaequalis in Switzerland

Analyses of four populations of Venturia inaequalis in Switzerland were performed to obtain information about migration and to predict the probable speed of the spread of new pathotypes able to overcome resistance, e.g. Vf-resistance, of new cultivars. Genetic and haplotype diversity was calculated based on allele frequencies of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-region of ribosomal DNA, which are regarded to be neutral, and the β-tubulin locus which may be under selection pressure. Within-population diversity was found to be quite similar over all four populations. Normalised haplotype diversity based on RAPD and ITS data was very high with a mean of 0.95. Diversity among populations (GST) was consistent over all neutral loci with a low mean of 0.04, but reached the high value of 0.26 for the selected β-tubulin locus. Low GST based on neutral loci may suggest a high level of gene flow. Considering these results, new pathotypes would be expected soon outside their place of identification. But actual gene flow is easily overestimated because of effects of gene flow in the past. However, naturally occurring gene flow could be increased by human activity. Therefore, it is very difficult to predict durability of the Vf-resitance in Switzerlan

Henri Temianka Correspondence; (tenzer)

This collection contains material pertaining to the life, career, and activities of Henri Temianka, violin virtuoso, conductor, music teacher, and author. Materials include correspondence, concert programs and flyers, music scores, photographs, and books.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/4204/thumbnail.jp

Social Media Harms and the Common Law

This article finds fault with the judiciaries\u27 failure to create a set of common law norms for social media wrongs. In cases concerning social media harms, the Supreme Court and lower courts have consistently adhered to traditional pre-social media principles, failing to use the power of the common law to create a kind of Internet Justice. Part I of this article reviews social media history and explores how judicial decisions created a fertile bed for social media harm to blossom. Part II illustrates social media harms across several doctrinal disciplines and highlights judicial reluctance to embrace the realities of social media harms between citizens, choosing instead to bury these harms within the reasoning of pre-social media precedent. Part III explores the powers and limitations of decision-making bodies, specifically the precedential constraints on the judiciary and the power of courts to shape social norms through the common law. Finally, Part IV details the judicial shortsightedness of court decisions that refuse to acknowledge social media harms. Society relies on common laws to shape normative human behavior. The courts\u27 oversight of social media\u27s uniqueness compared to the media that gave rise to existing precedent, fails to signal the boundaries of acceptable behavior and comes at a significant cost to society