Effect of wavelength dependence of nonlinearity, gain, and dispersion in photonic crystal fiber amplifiers

Photonic crystal fibers are used in fiber amplifiers and lasers because of the flexibility in the design of mode area and dispersion. However, these quantities depend strongly on the wavelength. The wavelength dependence of gain, nonlinearity and dispersion are investigated here by including the wavelength dependence explicitly in the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation for photonic crystal fibers with varying periods and hole sizes. The effect of the wavelength dependence of each parameter is studied separately as well as combined. The wavelength dependence of the parameters is shown to create asymmetry to the spectrum and chirp, but to have a moderating effect on pulse broadening. The effect of including the wavelength dependence of nonlinearity in the simulations is demonstrated to be the most significant compared that of dispersion or gain

FunHouse

Kate Huttunen Artist Statement Am I black enough to question this? Am I valid, are my opinions valid? Do I sound like that? Do I look like that? Will my partner like me for me – not for an exotic kink? My work is informed by personal memories and self-reflections about both black and white culture as an adopted woman of color. I often find myself contemplating how society views me and how I view society. As I grow as an artist I find myself questioning my identity in my artwork. What is gender in the black community? What is gender in the white community? How do these ideas impact how one community views the gender of another? I am interested in conceptions of gender within the black community, including the ways some roots trace back to our ancestors. Having a mixed gender identity or not having a gender at all was much more common in many African cultures before colonialism’s violent whitewashing and the heteronormative pressures embedded within it. For example, forced masculinization can have an effect on how black women identify as nonbinary. While being nonbinary in the black community, it is common to keep the title ‘black woman or black man’ alongside as ‘blackness’ is something you can’t get away from. I believe it is an important topic to discuss in my art as it\u27s a part of my life. All of my work is a form of self-reflection on these personal questions and experiences as they are influenced by the outside world. Addressing these themes in my artwork is a coping mechanism and a diary where I can release my energy onto the canvas. My paintings use surreal imagery and convey loss, yearning, and confusion. I combine different textures with paint. Thick markmaking clashes with smoother, thinner passages as if two different worlds are coming together and trying to find unity in all the chaos. A recurring theme of sunflowers can also be seen in many works. The sunflowers are a nod to Disney and other animation corporations whom have used blackface as a joke usually in the form of sunflowers/exploded makeup and the censored character Sunflower in Disney’s Fantasia. Sunflowers hanging are also a nod to lynchings that still happen but in different forms in the United States. Some of my influences include Rashid Johnson, Mickalene Thomas, and Yinka Shonibare. Yinka Shonibare influences my use of texture and color, light and shadow, and composition planning. Rashid Johnson for the unapologetic blackness and confrontation he brings with his work. Mickalene Thomas influences the lgbt themes and discussion in my work as well as how I see and discover myself. I hope to communicate my thoughts, stories, and struggles through my artwork so people like me know that it’s okay to feel lost in a world that tries to confine you to one group. My work starts a conversation with those who can relate to these struggles in an effort to build community.https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/art499/1062/thumbnail.jp

The Role of Transporters in Future Chemotherapy

The expression of membrane transporter is often altered in cancer cells compared to their corresponding healthy cells. Since these proteins, classified into solute carriers (SLCs) and ATP-binding cassettes (ABCs), can carry not only endogenous compounds, nutrients, and metabolites, but also drugs across the cell membranes, they have a crucial role in drug exposure and clinical outcomes of chemotherapeutics. Curiously, up-regulation of SLCs can be exploited to deliver chemotherapeutics, their prodrugs, and diagnostic radio-tracers to gain cancer cell-selective targeting, as exemplified with L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). SLCs can also be inhibited to limit the nutrient uptake of cancer cells and thus, cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, LAT1 can be utilized to deliver ABC-inhibitors selectively into the cancer cells to block the efflux of other chemotherapeutics suffering from acquired or intrinsic efflux transport-related multidrug resistance (MDR). Taking into account the current literature, compounds that can affect transporter up- or down-regulation of transporters in a cancer cell-selective manner could be a valuable tool and promising chemotherapy form in the future

The Employment Effects of Low-Wage Subsidies

Low-wage subsidies are often proposed as a solution to the unemployment problem among the low skilled. Yet the empirical evidence on the effects of low-wage subsidies is surprisingly scarce. This paper examines the employment effects of a Finnish payroll tax subsidy scheme, which is targeted at the employers of older, full-time, low-wage workers. The system’s clear eligibility criteria open up an opportunity for a reliable estimation of the causal impacts of the subsidy, using a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach. Our results indicate that the subsidy system had no effects on the employment rate. However, it appears to have increased the probability of part-time workers obtaining full-time employment.low-wage subsidies, employment, social security contributions

The Employment Effects of Low-Wage Subsidies

Low-wage subsidies are often proposed as a solution to the unemployment problem among the low skilled. Yet the empirical evidence on the effects of low-wage subsidies is surprisingly scarce. This paper examines the employment effects of a Finnish payroll tax subsidy scheme, which is targeted at the employers of older, full-time, low-wage workers. The system's clear eligibility criteria open up an opportunity for a reliable estimation of the causal impacts of the subsidy, using a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach. Our results indicate that the subsidy system had no effects on the employment rate. However, it appears to have increased the probability of part-time workers obtaining full-time employment.low-wage subsidies, employment, social security contributions

Typen, fosforin ja kiintoaineksen pidättyminen vesistöissä – WSFS- Vemala-mallin arvio

Tässä työssä arvioitiin vesistöön tulevan typpi-, fosfori- ja kiintoaineskuormituksen pidättymistä matkalla mereen. Laskennassa käytettiin Suomen ympäristökeskuksen WSFS-Vemala mallia, joka on yhdistetty hydrologiaa ja vedenlaatua kuvaava malli. Ravinteiden pidättymistä arvioitiin 3. jakovaiheen vesistöalueiden tarkkuudella. Mallilla laskettiin kultakin alueelta lähtevän kuormituksen muutoksen vaikutus ainevirtaamiin alapuolisissa järvissä ja lopulta mereen päätyvässä virtaamassa. Tulokset esitetään taulukkona 3. jakovaiheen alueille ja lisäksi koko Suomen karttana