231 research outputs found

    FACES: Faces, Art, and Computerized Evaluation Systems, Phase II

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    Before the advent of photography, portraits were, almost by definition, depictions of people who were important in their own worlds. But, as a walk through almost any major museum will show, a large number of these unidentified portraits from before the nineteenth century--many of them great works of art--have lost the identities of their subjects through the fortunes of time. Traditionally, identification of many of these portraits has been limited to often quite variable personal opinion. FACES (Faces, Art, and Computerized Evaluation Systems) proposes to establish the initial potential of face recognition technology to this highly subjective aspect of art history while at the same time retaining the human eye as the final arbiter

    FACES: Faces, Art, and Computerized Evaluation Systems

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    In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid in art history to the face both theoretically and historically, especially the portrait and above all the portrait bust. At the same time, an enormous amount of research has been conducted on face recognition technology (the use of computerized evaluation systems for the automatic identification of a human face from a digital image). But, to the best of our knowledge, no one has yet attempted to join these two developments in an interdisciplinary way, applying cutting-edge face recognition technology to works of art, specifically portraiture. Before the advent of photography, portraits were, almost by definition, depictions of people who were important in their own worlds. But as a walk through almost any major museum will show, a large number of these portraits from before the nineteenth century--many of them great works of art--have lost the identities of their subjects through the fortunes of time

    Law Libraries and Laboratories: The Legacies of Langdell and His Metaphor

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    Law Librarians and others have often referred to Harvard Law School Dean C.C. Langdell’s statements that the law library is the lawyer’s laboratory. Professor Danner examines the context of what Langdell through his other writings, the educational environment at Harvard in the late nineteenth century, and the changing perceptions of university libraries generally. He then considers how the “laboratory metaphor” has been applied by librarians and legal scholars during the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. The article closes with thoughts on Langdell’s legacy for law librarians and the usefulness of the laboratory metaphor

    GABAA receptor subtype involvement in addictive behaviour

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    GABAA receptors form the major class of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain. This review sets out to summarise the evidence that variations in genes encoding GABAA receptor isoforms are associated with aspects of addictive behaviour in humans, while animal models of addictive behaviour also implicate certain subtypes of GABAA receptor. In addition to outlining the evidence for the involvement of specific subtypes in addiction, we summarise the particular contributions of these isoforms in control over the functioning of brain circuits, especially the mesolimbic system, and make a first attempt to bring together evidence from several fields to understanding potential involvement of GABAA Receptor Subtypes in addictive behaviour. While the weight of the published literature is on alcohol dependency, the underlying principles outlined are relevant across a number of different aspects of addictive behaviour

    A review of soil NO transformation: associated processes and possible physiological significance on organisms

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    NO emissions from soils and ecosystems are of outstanding importance for atmospheric chemistry. Here we review the current knowledge on processes involved in the formation and consumption of NO in soils, the importance of NO for the physiological functioning of different organisms, and for inter- and intra-species signaling and competition, e.g. in the rooting zone between microbes and plants. We also show that prokaryotes and eukaryotes are able to produce NO by multiple pathways and that unspecific enzymo-oxidative mechanisms of NO production are likely to occur in soils. Nitric oxide production in soils is not only linked to NO production by nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, but also linked to extracellular enzymes from a wide range of microorganisms. Further investigations are needed to clarify molecular mechanisms of NO production and consumption, its controlling factors, and the significance of NO as a regulator for microbial, animal and plant processes. Such process understanding is required to elucidate the importance of soils as sources (and sinks) for atmospheric NO

    First measurement of quasi-elastic Λ\Lambda baryon production in muon anti-neutrino interactions in the MicroBooNE detector

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    We present the first measurement of the cross section of Cabibbo-suppressed Λ\Lambda baryon production, using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector when exposed to the neutrinos from the Main Injector beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data analyzed correspond to 2.2×10202.2 \times 10^{20} protons on target of neutrino mode running and 4.9×10204.9 \times 10^{20} protons on target of anti-neutrino mode running. An automated selection is combined with hand scanning, with the former identifying five candidate Λ\Lambda production events when the signal was unblinded, consistent with the GENIE prediction of 5.3±1.15.3 \pm 1.1 events. Several scanners were employed, selecting between three and five events, compared with a prediction from a blinded Monte Carlo simulation study of 3.7±1.03.7 \pm 1.0 events. Restricting the phase space to only include Λ\Lambda baryons that decay above MicroBooNE's detection thresholds, we obtain a flux averaged cross section of 2.01.7+2.2×10402.0^{+2.2}_{-1.7} \times 10^{-40} cm2/^2/Ar, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined

    Search for heavy neutral leptons in electron-positron and neutral-pion final states with the MicroBooNE detector

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    We present the first search for heavy neutral leptons (HNL) decaying into νe+e\nu e^+e^- or νπ0\nu\pi^0 final states in a liquid-argon time projection chamber using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector. The data were recorded synchronously with the NuMI neutrino beam from Fermilab's Main Injector corresponding to a total exposure of 7.01×10207.01 \times 10^{20} protons on target. We set upper limits at the 90%90\% confidence level on the mixing parameter Uμ42\lvert U_{\mu 4}\rvert^2 in the mass ranges 10mHNL15010\le m_{\rm HNL}\le 150 MeV for the νe+e\nu e^+e^- channel and 150mHNL245150\le m_{\rm HNL}\le 245 MeV for the νπ0\nu\pi^0 channel, assuming Ue42=Uτ42=0\lvert U_{e 4}\rvert^2 = \lvert U_{\tau 4}\rvert^2 = 0. These limits represent the most stringent constraints in the mass range 35<mHNL<17535<m_{\rm HNL}<175 MeV and the first constraints from a direct search for νπ0\nu\pi^0 decays.Comment: Version as accepted by Physical Review Letters, some presentational changes and updated references, no changes to result
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