Duality for multiobjective variational control problems with (Φ,ρ)-invexity

In this paper, Mond-Weir and Wolfe type duals for multiobjective variational control problems are formulated. Several duality theorems are established relating efficient solutions of the primal and dual multiobjective variational control problems under TeX-invexity. The results generalize a number of duality results previously established for multiobjective variational control problems under other generalized convexity assumptions

‘New’ and ‘old’ wars – the changing dimensions of warfare

The article aims to present the issue of ‘old’ versus ‘new’ wars in relation to their specific features. It focuses on the characteristics of both phenomena, as well as providing an analysis of the causes and sources of armed conflicts and their changing dimensions. Methods of waging war have changed along with the political, economic, social and technological developments which have been observed over the years. The very philosophy of war has undergone changes in a similar way. The article aims to identify the direction of changes in the dimensions of war. It also provides an insight into the privatization of warfare and the constantly growing importance of non-state actors in shaping the international order, and therefore their role in post-modern wars

Sufficient optimality criteria and duality for multiobjective variational control problems with G-type I objective and constraint functions

In the paper, we introduce the concepts of G-type I and generalized G-type I functions for a new class of nonconvex multiobjective variational control problems. For such nonconvex vector optimization problems, we prove sufficient optimality conditions for weakly efficiency, efficiency and properly efficiency under assumptions that the functions constituting them are G-type I and/or generalized G-type I objective and constraint functions. Further, for the considered multiobjective variational control problem, its dual multiobjective variational control problem is given and several duality results are established under (generalized) G-type I objective and constraint functions

Economic Development And Transfrontier Shipments Of Waste In Poland – Spatio-Temporal Analysis

The aim of the paper is to apply the spatio-temporal Environmental Kuznets Curve (SpEKC) to test the relationship between economic growth and the amount of collected mixed municipal waste. The analysis was conducted at the level of sixty-six Polish sub-regions. The study contained selected environmental indicators. The dependent variable - the amount of municipal waste generated in kilograms per capita characterized the state of the environment. The GDP per capita in constant prices (as an explanatory variable) presented the level of economic development of the sub-regions. In the empirical part of the research there were used spatial panel data models based on EKCs. It determined the levels of economic development, at which the amount of produced wastes has fallen or increased, depending on the wealth of the region. The application of different types of spatial weight matrices was an important element of this modelling. Data obtained the years 2005-2012. Models were estimated in the RCran package

Do Acceding Countries Need Higher Fiscal Deficits?

Do Acceding Countries Need Higher Fiscal Deficits?accession countries, aquis communautaire, contribution fee, enlargement, financial position, fiscal deficits, fiscal position, co-financing, net balance, transfers

Theoretical Aspects of Currency Crises

The paper presents three generations of theoretical models of currency crises. The models were drawing on the real crises. The first-generation models were developed after balance-of-payment crises in Mexico (1973.82), Argentina (1978.81), and Chile (1983). The second-generation models arose after speculative attacks in Europe and Mexico in 1990s. Finally, first attempts to built the third-generation models started after the Asian crisis in 1997.98. The paper also explains the mechanism of currency crisis, provides an overview of the crises literature, and defines the types of crises. This work is intended to summarize the current level of knowledge on the theoretical aspects of currency crises.currency crises

Proper efficiency and duality for a new class of nonconvex multitime multiobjective variational problems

In this paper, a new class of generalized of nonconvex multitime multiobjective variational problems is considered. We prove the sufficient optimality conditions for efficiency and proper efficiency in the considered multitime multiobjective variational problems with univex functionals. Further, for such vector variational problems, various duality results in the sense of Mond-Weir and in the sense of Wolfe are established under univexity. The results established in the paper extend and generalize results existing in the literature for such vector variational problems

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Meeting Copenhagen economic criteria for accession to the EU

Delegation of the European Commission based in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) granted the consortium represented by ECORYS a contract for EU support to the Economic Policy Research Unit, a subdivision of the Economic Policy Planning Unit of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As part of this project activities a subproject was designed trying to assess the position of BH against the benchmarks of the Copenhagen economic criteria and to identify policy measures for meeting the criteria. The issues of particular relevance to the project included: presentation of the Copenhagen economic criteria, analysis of the existing situation in the country, strategic and policy documents addressing the subject, identification of gaps to be filled in order to achieve the benchmark, and policy recommendations. In July, 2006 ECORYS appointed the Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE), an international, non-profit research and advisory institution, to research on the subject. The research project team comprised experts: Messrs. Rafa³ Antczak (team leader), Wojciech Paczyñski, and Ranko Markuš, Mmes. Ma³gorzata Antczak and Karina Kostrzewa, assisted by Mr. Erol Mujanovic. The report was based on available national account and microeconomic data, strategic and policy documents of the BH governmental bodies, relevant reports by international organisations, EU institutions, academic and research centres and opinions of key stakeholders. The analytical research on the economic developments in BH by international financial institutions, especially the IMF and World Bank, as well as domestic bodies, especially the Economic Policy Research Unit, was extensively exploited in the research. However, the primary focus of the research was on structural and institutional aspects facilitating or impeding functioning of a market economy in the BH and country's capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the EU. Therefore, the report focuses on background analysis of economic factors influencing the functioning of market economy and the capacity to withstand the competition in the EU market. The research consists of four main parts. In Part 1, the Copenhagen economic criteria are presented in a comparative perspective of the recent experiences of the new member states and acceding countries to allow diagnosing of the most important gaps to be filled by BH. Part 2 analyses macroeconomic developments in BH, presenting them in a comparative perspective relative to EU candidate countries. The special focus is on two fields where BH faces particularly difficult challenges: labour market and foreign trade. Also, the three scenarios of BH catching-up with the EU are presented. Privatisation process which is one of the most important institutional and structural features of every transition economy and especially relevant from the perspective of meeting the Copenhagen criteria is analysed in Part 3. Part 4 comprises analysis of microeconomic developments in BH with the elements of the financial analysis of enterprises, both state and private. The financial analysis of enterprises concentrates on current situation and identification of trends in microeconomic developments to identify comparative advantages, assess productivity, and to position the BH enterprise sector towards the potential competition on the EU markets. Finally, Part 5 includes policy recommendations for decision makers both from the BH government and the EC. The research is supplemented by the Annexes providing background pieces of information on the analysed topics. The project team established contacts with representatives of international organizations, the BH governmental bodies, and research community in BH to collect pieces of information and consult on research topics. However, the authors of the researchers bear the sole responsibility for the pieces of information and opinions presented in the report.Bosnia and Herzegovina, Copenhagen criteria, EU accession, European integration, competitiveness

Economic Transition in Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus in Comparative Perspective

The authors of this paper try to analyze the similarities and differences in the starting conditions, adopted policies, and achieved results of the above three countries. The first part of the paper will be devoted to the initial conditions: the economic heritage of the FSU (especially of the perestroika years), differences in the economic structures of the discussed countries, and the level of their mutual interdependence. The second part contains a comparative analysis of the liberalization, stabilization, and privatization processes in each country. The third part presents the differences in macroeconomic performance and the progress of the transition. In the final part we try to analyze the political and other reasons for the observed differences.Economic Transition, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Liberalization, Stabilization, Privatization