Uma experiência educativa vivenciada com uma criança da comunidade orfanotrófio

Anais do 35º Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul - Área temática: EducaçãoO presente trabalho é um relato sobre uma experiência educativa vivenciada com uma criança da comunidade Orfanotrófio, um território de constante conflito devido ao intenso tráfico de drogas. Esta experiência foi proporcionada por meio do Projeto de Extensão “Brincar e Filosofar com Crianças da Comunidade Orfanotrófio, onde a sua proposta é integrar as crianças e jovens da comunidade com professores e alunos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), a partir de oficinas com atividades lúdicas e rodas de conversa que proporcionam informações relacionadas à saúde, à educação, ao seu bem-estar e à importância do meio ambiente, além de difundir a Universidade junto à comunidade. “L” é uma menina de 6 anos, que não frequentava a escola e aparentemente apresentava necessidades educativas quanto a linguagem e relacionamento social. Observando os desenhos produzidos por esta criança, percebeu-se que o seu desenvolvimento gráfico apresentava estar entre o estágio sensório-motor compreendido entre a faixa etária de 0 a 2 anos (rabiscação) e o estágio da garatuja compreendido entre de 2 a 4 anos (desordenada e circular), e ainda o excesso de agressividade impulsiva caracterizado pelo descontrole das emoções geradas pelas manifestações de violência de seu entorno social. Sendo assim, nos pareceu muito pertinente em nossas oficinas adotar uma metodologia que colaborasse com “L”, de forma a auxilia-la no processo de ensino-aprendizagem para que pudesse ter um rendimento satisfatório quando iniciasse sua trajetória escolar no ano letivo de 2017, e contribuir em seu desenvolvimento sócio-afetivo de maneira que tivesse maior integração com as demais crianças da comunidade. Ao final de um ano de trabalho desenvolvido nosso objetivo com “L” foi alcançado, que visava prepará-la para a iniciação da vida escolar e integrá-la com as demais crianças possibilitando colocar-se como sujeito- autor, construindo aprendizagens significativa

O uso do Mapa Conceitual no aprendizado em saúde pelas Residências Multiprofissionais: revisão sistemática

As Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde (RMS) propõem a formação profissional proativa, autônoma e com implementações positivas na assistência. O Mapa Conceitual (MC) promove a aprendizagem significativa relacionando conceitos abrangentes e seletivos, facilitando a sequenciação hierarquizada dos conteúdos, e oferecendo estímulos adequados. Portanto o objetivo desta Revisão Sistemática (RS) é analisar se o MC favorece o aprendizado significativo nas RMS. Metodologia: RS delineada com PRISMA P-2015, aceita no PROSPERO, estruturada com estudos dos últimos 5 anos, das bases: CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, Web Of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, BVS, EPOC, EDUC@, Edubase, OECDEducation, ERIC, PSYCINFO e GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Resultados: foram 12 estudos elegíveis, 75% observacionais, 80% favoráveis ao MC como estratégia de aprendizagem, 50% para reflexão/pensamento crítico, e 67% conduzidos no ensino superior. O GRADE aponta forte recomendação em 50% dos desfechos analisados. Conclusão: o MC favorece a aprendizagem significativa em saúde e o processo avaliativo, estimulando proatividade, autonomia e o pensamento crítico

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions