Crisflor Berries : emprendimiento cultivo de arándanos, sector fruvícola, municipio de Saboyá, departamento de Boyacá

70 páginasThe analysis will be carried out for the development of a Biloxi variety blueberry crop, with BPA (Good Agricultural Practices) and BPM (Good Manufacturing Practices) standards, with prior control and monitoring by the ICA (Colombian Agricultural Institute) on a farm, starting with the sowing phase, followed by production or harvest until marketing at the regional level, with a view to exporting the product in the medium term. The possibility of having an offer of blueberries during all the months ofthe year becomes a business opportunity because the large producers of the world do not have this possibility due to the seasons, this crop will be economically profitable and sustainable, providing benefits to its investors and socially attractive for the development of the community where the project will be located, being a model to replicate that aims to encourage the development of the sector to have an exportable base.Se realizará el análisis para el desarrollo de un cultivo de arándanos variedad Biloxi, con estándares BPA (Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas) y BPM (Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura), con previo control y seguimiento por el ICA (Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario) en una finca, iniciando con la fase de siembra, seguido de la producción o cosecha hasta la comercialización a nivel regional, con una visión de exportación del producto en el mediano plazo. La posibilidad de disponer de una oferta de arándanos durante todos los meses del año se convierte en una oportunidad de negocio debido a que los grandes productores del mundo no cuentan con esta posibilidad debido a las estaciones, este cultivo será económicamente rentable y sostenible, brindando beneficios a sus inversionistas y siendo socialmente atractivo para el desarrollo de la comunidad donde estará ubicado el proyecto, constituyéndose en un modelo a replicar que pretende incentivar el desarrollo del sector para tener una base exportable.Especialista en GerenciaEspecializació

Formulation of the strategic plan for the Mercacentro SAS supermarket, Facatativá (Cund.)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo formular el plan estratégico para Mercacentro, un supermercado ubicado en el municipio de Facatativá (Cundinamarca), que desde hace más de 30 años abastece la canasta familiar de la región. Se identifican elementos competitivos a corto y mediano plazo que apalanquen su posición en el mercado y les permita enfrentar los desafíos de su alrededor, como la llegada de supermercados de grandes superficies y tiendas hard discount a la región, apoyados en algunos conceptos estratégicos explicados en el presente trabajo, aplicando la investigación descriptiva y explicativa, teniendo en cuenta métodos de observación y de recolección de datos de diferentes fuentes como: literatura, artículos de la WEB, entrevistas y encuestas con los diferentes grupos de interés. Para su desarrollo en primer lugar, se realizó un diagnóstico de los factores internos y externos. También se identificó el marco institucional de Mercacentro y se realizó un análisis de competidores, que permitió identificar aquellas estrategias que fueron consideradas para la formulación del Plan Estratégico. Con estos insumos se permitió determinar las opciones estratégicas necesarias para mitigar las debilidades, contrarrestar las amenazas, aprovechar las oportunidades y mejorar los factores claves de éxito, con la utilización de las fortalezas identificadas. Como resultado del ejercicio, se concluye que Mercacentro ha encontrado aspectos de trabajo importantes que lo han llevado a tener un crecimiento rentable entre el año 2018 y 2019, pero que tiene que trabajar en tres frentes importantes para seguir siendo un supermercado competitivo: Transformación digital, Experiencia y servicio al cliente.This work aims to formulate the strategic plan for Mercacentro, a supermarket located in Facatativá township (Cundinamarca), which for more than 30 years has been supplying the region's family basket. Competitive elements are identified in the short and medium term that leverage their position in the market and allow them to face the challenges around them, such as the arrival of large-scale supermarkets and hard discount stores in the region, supported by some strategic concepts explained in the present work, applying descriptive and explanatory research, taking into account observation methods and data collection from different sources such as: literature, WEB articles, interviews and surveys with different interest groups. For its development in the first place, a diagnosis of internal and external factors was made. Mercacentro's institutional framework was also identified and a competitor analysis was carried out, which made it possible to identify those strategies that were considered for the formulation of the Strategic Plan. With these inputs, it was possible to determine the strategic options necessary to mitigate weaknesses, counteract threats, take advantage of opportunities and improve key success factors, using the identified strengths. As a result of the exercise, it is concluded that Mercacentro has found important work aspects that have led it to have profitable growth between 2018 and 2019, but that it has to work on three important fronts to remain a competitive supermarket: Digital transformation, Experience and customer serviceMagíster en InnovaciónMaestrí

EFICIENCIA Y EQUIDAD EN EL SISTEMA MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL: RETOS PARA LA ECONOMÍA GLOBAL

Es importante definir en el marco de las relacionesinternacionales entre países, unas condicionespreestablecidas de negociación, el Sistema MonetarioInternacional (SMI) consiste en una seriede normas y mecanismos que tienen como finalidadla regulación de las transacciones y flujosfinancieros entre países. Dichas transacciones yflujos financieros, deben configurar un sistemaeficiente que permita su correcto funcionamientoy la maximización de los beneficios de los participantes,pero este sistema muchas veces presentafallas, las cuales contribuyen a desequilibrios queocasionan que el reparto de los beneficios de lasnegociaciones no sea equitativo entre los países.En este orden de ideas este artículo pretende revisarla existencia de un trade-off entre eficienciay equidad en el SMI y su contribución en los paísesen vías de desarrollo

System size and centrality dependence of the balance function in A+A collisions at sqrt[sNN]=17.2 GeV

Electric charge correlations were studied for p+p, C+C, Si+Si, and centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt[sNN]=17.2 GeV with the NA49 large acceptance detector at the CERN SPS. In particular, long-range pseudorapidity correlations of oppositely charged particles were measured using the balance function method. The width of the balance function decreases with increasing system size and centrality of the reactions. This decrease could be related to an increasing delay of hadronization in central Pb+Pb collisions

System size and centrality dependence of the balance function in A + A collisions at sqrt s NN = 17.2 GeV

Electric charge correlations were studied for p+p, C+C, Si+Si and centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt s_NN = 17.2$ GeV with the NA49 large acceptance detector at the CERN-SPS. In particular, long range pseudo-rapidity correlations of oppositely charged particles were measured using the Balance Function method. The width of the Balance Function decreases with increasing system size and centrality of the reactions. This decrease could be related to an increasing delay of hadronization in central Pb+Pb collisions

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome.

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP

Frequency drift in MR spectroscopy at 3T

Purpose: Heating of gradient coils and passive shim components is a common cause of instability in the B-0 field, especially when gradient intensive sequences are used. The aim of the study was to set a benchmark for typical drift encountered during MR spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the need for real-time field-frequency locking on MRI scanners by comparing field drift data from a large number of sites.Method: A standardized protocol was developed for 80 participating sites using 99 3T MR scanners from 3 major vendors. Phantom water signals were acquired before and after an EPI sequence. The protocol consisted of: minimal preparatory imaging; a short pre-fMRI PRESS; a ten-minute fMRI acquisition; and a long post-fMRI PRESS acquisition. Both pre- and post-fMRI PRESS were non-water suppressed. Real-time frequency stabilization/adjustment was switched off when appropriate. Sixty scanners repeated the protocol for a second dataset. In addition, a three-hour post-fMRI MRS acquisition was performed at one site to observe change of gradient temperature and drift rate. Spectral analysis was performed using MATLAB. Frequency drift in pre-fMRI PRESS data were compared with the first 5:20 minutes and the full 30:00 minutes of data after fMRI. Median (interquartile range) drifts were measured and showed in violin plot. Paired t-tests were performed to compare frequency drift pre- and post-fMRI. A simulated in vivo spectrum was generated using FID-A to visualize the effect of the observed frequency drifts. The simulated spectrum was convolved with the frequency trace for the most extreme cases. Impacts of frequency drifts on NAA and GABA were also simulated as a function of linear drift. Data from the repeated protocol were compared with the corresponding first dataset using Pearson's and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).Results: Of the data collected from 99 scanners, 4 were excluded due to various reasons. Thus, data from 95 scanners were ultimately analyzed. For the first 5:20 min (64 transients), median (interquartile range) drift was 0.44 (1.29) Hz before fMRI and 0.83 (1.29) Hz after. This increased to 3.15 (4.02) Hz for the full 30 min (360 transients) run. Average drift rates were 0.29 Hz/min before fMRI and 0.43 Hz/min after. Paired t-tests indicated that drift increased after fMRI, as expected (p &lt; 0.05). Simulated spectra convolved with the frequency drift showed that the intensity of the NAA singlet was reduced by up to 26%, 44 % and 18% for GE, Philips and Siemens scanners after fMRI, respectively. ICCs indicated good agreement between datasets acquired on separate days. The single site long acquisition showed drift rate was reduced to 0.03 Hz/min approximately three hours after fMRI.Discussion: This study analyzed frequency drift data from 95 3T MRI scanners. Median levels of drift were relatively low (5-min average under 1 Hz), but the most extreme cases suffered from higher levels of drift. The extent of drift varied across scanners which both linear and nonlinear drifts were observed.</p

Stratospheric aerosol - Observations, processes, and impact on climate

Interest in stratospheric aerosol and its role in climate have increased over the last decade due to the observed increase in stratospheric aerosol since 2000 and the potential for changes in the sulfur cycle induced by climate change. This review provides an overview about the advances in stratospheric aerosol research since the last comprehensive assessment of stratospheric aerosol was published in 2006. A crucial development since 2006 is the substantial improvement in the agreement between in situ and space-based inferences of stratospheric aerosol properties during volcanically quiescent periods. Furthermore, new measurement systems and techniques, both in situ and space based, have been developed for measuring physical aerosol properties with greater accuracy and for characterizing aerosol composition. However, these changes induce challenges to constructing a long-term stratospheric aerosol climatology. Currently, changes in stratospheric aerosol levels less than 20% cannot be confidently quantified. The volcanic signals tend to mask any nonvolcanically driven change, making them difficult to understand. While the role of carbonyl sulfide as a substantial and relatively constant source of stratospheric sulfur has been confirmed by new observations and model simulations, large uncertainties remain with respect to the contribution from anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. New evidence has been provided that stratospheric aerosol can also contain small amounts of nonsulfate matter such as black carbon and organics. Chemistry-climate models have substantially increased in quantity and sophistication. In many models the implementation of stratospheric aerosol processes is coupled to radiation and/or stratospheric chemistry modules to account for relevant feedback processes

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis