Use of three-dimensional reconstruction techniques for the veterinary medicine teaching

Resúmenes IV Congreso VetDoc de Docencia Veterinaria, León 2017 (6-7 de Julio)[ES] Muchas fuentes describen diferentes opciones para mejorar el aprendizaje anatómico de los estudiantes a través de una mayor motivación. Entre estas opciones se incluyen a las modernas técnicas de imagen como la ecografía, la resonancia magnética o la tomografía computarizada (TC). Los avances recientes en la TC implican la aplicación de un software informático para la reconstrucción tridimensional (3D) de un área de interés anatómico que permiten visualizar las estructuras seleccionadas con diferente grado de rotación (Grossman, 1990; Kraus et al., 1997)

Evaluation of the awareness of a cohort of veterinary students from various Spanish universities in regards to the illegal trade of exotic animal species

Resúmenes IV Congreso VetDoc de Docencia Veterinaria, León 2017 (6-7 de Julio)[ES] El comercio ilegal de animales exóticos incluye las siguientes actividades: caza furtiva, captura de especies y posterior venta ilícita y venta de subproductos animales (cuernos, piel, marfil, etc.) (South y Wyatt, 2011). Este comercio tiene un enorme impacto en las poblaciones de diferentes especies, tanto en sus lugares de origen como en el destino, debido al riesgo de introducción de especies exóticas y posterior daño a la flora y fauna (Nentwig, 2009)

Evaluation of the GEXCAT software in the design and correction of multiple choice exams: preliminary data

Resúmenes IV Congreso VetDoc de Docencia Veterinaria, León 2017 (6-7 de Julio)[ES] El sistema de evaluación continua propuesto por el Plan Bolonia supone un incremento de la carga de trabajo del profesor universitario (Pagani y González, 2002). Los exámenes tipo test son una opción, sobre todo en el caso de asignaturas con un elevado número de créditos. Permiten una pronta corrección y se puede aumentar el número de evaluaciones, mejorando los resultados de los alumnos, lo que aumenta su motivación (Escolano et al., 2014). Para que los alumnos no se copien convienen preparar varios modelos de exámenes, aunque esto complica la corrección, facilitando el error humano. Para evitar tal situación se han creado programas informáticos. El programa privativo de Gestión de Exámenes y Corrección Automática de Tests, GEXCAT (Innocan, 2017), es una herramienta que ayuda en la preparación y corrección de exámenes tipo test, con la ventaja de utilizar hojas DINA4 y un escáner básico. Permite generar exámenes de tipo test tanto en formato electrónico como en papel. Barajando tanto las preguntas como las respuestas puede llegar a generar hasta nueve modelos de examen. Además, las preguntas pueden ser clasificadas por nivel de dificultad. El programa proporciona las correcciones casi instantáneamente, pudiendo exportar las calificaciones en formato Excel, enviar los resultados a los alumnos vía email y gestionar eficazmente las evaluaciones continuas

Aberrant Expression of Cell Cycle Regulator 14-3-3-σ and E-Cadherin in a Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma in a Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus).

We present a unique case of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with concurrent abdominal cestodiasis in an African green monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) that presented with respiratory insufficiency and abdominal discomfort. There were multiple white-grey masses in the liver and colonic serosa alongside intra-abdominal parasitic cysts. Histopathologically, the liver masses were composed of poorly-differentiated epithelial cells that formed densely cellular solid areas and trabeculae. The neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for CK7 but negative for Hep-Par1 antigen, which confirmed a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Interestingly, there was strong and diffuse neoexpression in the tumour of the cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ, which is not constitutively expressed in normal liver. There was aberrantly strong expression of E-cadherin, a key cell-cell adhesion protein, in neoplastic cells with evidence of cytoplasmic internalization. This is the first immunohistochemical analysis of 14-3-3σ and E-cadherin in a liver neoplasm in an animal species and the use of these markers requires further investigation in animal liver neoplasms. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scent (Apocrine) Gland Adenocarcinoma in a Wedge-Capped Capuchin Monkey (Cebus olivaceus): Histological and Immunohistochemical Features.

In humans, apocrine gland tumours encompass a heterogeneous group of uncommon neoplasms with varied and unpredictable biological behaviour. They can be slow-growing lesions, recur after excision, produce lymph node metastasis in up to 50% of cases or lead to tumour-related death. We document a malignant scent adenocarcinoma in a wedge-capped capuchin monkey (Cebus olivaceus). Immunohistochemical labelling revealed complete absence of myoepithelial cells, a finding usually considered a hallmark of malignancy in humans; however, after a 2-year follow-up, the neoplasm had not recurred. This is the first detailed report of the pathology of a spontaneous scent (apocrine) gland adenocarcinoma in a non-human primate. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Search for Organic Matter at Mars with LIBS and Reflectance Complementary Measurements of the ChemCam Instrument Onboard the Curiosity Rover

International audienceOne of the priorities of the Mars Science Laboratory mission is the search for a past or present prebiotic chemistry. Among the possible indicators of such a chemistry, the organic molecules are key entities linked to the emergence and the development of life, as we know it on Earth. However, only rare evidences of the presence of such molecules (chlo-robenzene and other chlorinated hydrocarbons), in the Mars sedimentary rocks [1] and regolith [2] , were recently found at a very low concentration (150-300 ppbw in the Cumberland mudstone). Thus, one of the most pressing questions is to follow the search and identification of molecules currently present at Mars and their concentration. Onboard the NASA Curiosity currently operating on Mars in Gale crater, the ChemCam instrument (Chemistry and Camera) performs quasi-systematic analyses of the elementary composition of rocks and soils of the Mars surface around the rover. This in- strument is used to identify targets of interest to per- form contact science and drilling from a mineralogical point of view, and also gives chemical information that could be used to look for organics present in the soil