Patrón de sueño, estado nutricional e ingesta dietética en agentes de seguridad de la Ciudad de Panamá: Un estudio transversal

Introduction: Altered sleep pattern, diet, and nutritional status in security officers with rotating work schedules was a topic not studied in Panama City. The study aims to evaluate the sleep pattern, nutritional status, and dietary intake of security agents in Panama City.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with 130 security agents and firefighters in Panama City, conducted from March to December 2019. Sociodemographic evaluation questionnaires (sex, age, provenance, pathological history, among others), insomnia measures were applied using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Anthropometry, weight, height, and waist circumference were used for nutritional status; and dietary intake through a 24-hour recall. Overweight was considered when the body mass index (BMI) was ≥25 kg/m2, obesity of ≥30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity when the waist was ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men.Results: 130 subjects were evaluated, mean age of 38.9 (9.4) years (96.6% male). Median and (interquartile range) for energy is 2310 (1764 - 3056) kcal/d, for % of fiber adequacy is 50.8 (30.4 – 78.8) %, calcium of 39.9 (22.7 – 62.7)%, vitamin C of 39.4 (11.5 – 118.5)%, and, vitamin A of 38.0 (16.5 – 66.2). The central obesity proportion is 44.6%; 85.4% with overweight, and 53.9% with obesity; 19.2% report insomnia; 94.6% drowsiness; 43.1% reported difficulty to sleep; and 56.9% reported sleep less than 7 hours a day.Conclusions: High proportion of overweight and obesity by BMI; and abdominal obesity according to waist circumference. In addition to alterations in the quality of sleep. The diet is excessive in calories, fat, and carbohydrates and deficient in vitamin C, vitamin A, calcium, and fiber.Introducción: La alteración del patrón de sueño, la alimentación y el estado nutricional en los agentes de seguridad con turnos rotativos era un tema no estudiado en la Ciudad de Panamá. El objetivo fueevaluar el patrón de sueño, estado nutricional y la ingesta dietética en agentes de seguridad de la Ciudad de Panamá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en 130 agentes de seguridad y bomberos en la Ciudad de Panamá, realizado de marzo a diciembre de 2019. Se aplicó cuestionarios de evaluación sociodemográfica (sexo, edad, procedencia, antecedentes patológicos, entre otros), medidas de insomnio, escala de somnolencia de Epworth y cuestionario de Pittsburg de calidad de sueño. Para el estado nutricional se usó antropometría, peso talla y circunferencia de la cintura; y la ingesta mediante recordatorio de 24 horas. Se consideró exceso de peso cuando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue ≥25 kg/m2, obesidad de ≥30 kg/m2, y obesidad abdominal cuando la cintura fue ≥88 en mujeres y ≥102 en hombres. Resultados: Se evaluaron 130 sujetos, edad media de 38,9 (9,4) años (96,6% masculino). Mediana (rango intercuartílico) para energía es 2310 (1764 – 3056) kcal/d, para % adecuación de fibra es 50,8 (30,4 – 78,8)%, calcio de 39,9 (22,7 – 62,7)%; vitamina C de 39,4 (11,5 – 118,5)% y vitamina A de 38,0 (16,5 – 66,2)%. La proporción de obesidad abdominal es 44,6%; exceso de peso de 85,4%; y, obesidad de 53,9%; el 19,2% reporta insomnio; 94,6% somnolencia; 43,1%; presentan dificultad para dormir; y 56,9% duerme menos de 7 horas al día. Conclusiones: Alta proporción de exceso de peso y obesidad por IMC; y obesidad abdominal según perímetro de cintura. Además de alteraciones en la calidad del sueño. La dieta es excesiva en calorías, grasas y carbohidratos y deficiente en vitamina C, vitamina A, calcio y fibra

Arquitectura inteligente para la gestión de bienestar soportado en neuroseñales para ecosistemas sociales 4.0

The scope of this article is to describe an intelligent architecture at the structural, functional and intelligent service levels to manage the mental, physical and spiritual well-being of higher education teachers supported by neurosignals and industry 4.0 technologies. For the methodological design of the intelligent architecture, the structural layers that make up the architectural model were identified, later the functional requirements that had to be implemented in the intelligent architecture were identified and finally the intelligent services that had to automate the well-being management processes of the patients were modeled. teachers in the area of physics and that can also be replicated to teachers from other disciplinary fields. The main result of this research is the structural and service model of intelligent architecture, which is structured in a welfare services layer and in a knowledge acquisition and management layer. In an additional decomposition level, the functionalities associated with each layer are described, particularly, the services layer encapsulates the functionalities of contextual awareness management, cyberphysical characterization management, dynamic management of support networks, intelligent treatment generator. The knowledge management and acquisition layer includes the management functionalities of repositories of emotional signals, physiological measurements, social activities, social characterization, spiritual characterization, social nodes, work profiles and contexts. Taking as reference the architectural model designed for the intelligent generation of mental, physical and spiritual treatments to improve the quality of life of teachers in the area of physics in higher education, it can be concluded that in times of pandemic the design of platforms is viable smart devices that generate automatic treatments to improve the mental, physical and spiritual indicators of teachers modeled as social nodes through industry 4.0 technologies.El alcance de este artículo es describir una arquitectura inteligente a nivel estructural, funcional y de servicios inteligentes para gestionar el bienestar mental, físico y espiritual de los docentes del campo disciplinar de la física soportada en neuroseñales y en tecnologías de la industria 4.0. Para el diseño metodológico de la arquitectura inteligente se identificaron las capas estructurales que conforman el modelo arquitectónico, posteriormente se identificaron los requerimientos funcionales que debían implementar en la arquitectura inteligente y finalmente se modelaron los servicios inteligentes que debían automatizar los procesos de gestión del bienestar de los docentes del área de la física y que igualmente se puede replicar a docentes de otros campos disciplinares. El resultado principal de esta investigación es el modelo estructural y de servicios de la arquitectura inteligente, el cual está estructurado en una capa de servicios de bienestar y en una capa de adquisición y gestión de conocimiento. En un nivel de descomposición adicional se describen las funcionalidades asociadas a cada capa, particularmente, la capa de servicios encapsula las funcionalidades de gestión de conciencia contextual, gestión de caracterización ciberfísica, gestión dinámica de redes de apoyo, generador inteligente de tratamientos. La capa de gestión y adquisición de conocimiento incluye las funcionalidades de gestión de repositorios de señales emotivas, medidas fisiológicas, actividades sociales, caracterización social, caracterización espiritual, de nodos sociales, perfiles laborales y de contextos. Tomando como referencia el modelo arquitectónico diseñado para la generación inteligente de tratamientos mentales, físicos y espirituales para mejorar la calidad de vida de los docentes del área de la física en educación superior, se puede concluir que en época de pandemia es viable el diseño de plataformas inteligentes que generen tratamientos automáticos para mejorar los indicadores mentales, físicos y espirituales de los docentes modelados como nodos sociales a través de las tecnologías de la industria 4.0. &nbsp

Biogenerated polymers: an enviromental alternative

Bio-generated polymers are generally of great interest for Industry, due to the tendency of reducing the use of materials derived from oil. Nonetheless, its development costs are high and the benefit is still too low. Nowadays, in about ten percent of the plastic market, there are biodegradable alternatives available for bio-generated polymers. Its consumption is estimated at 50.000 tons per year in Europe, with an inferior amount of 1%; in this regard, the main objective of this review is to expose the relevance of bio-generated polymer production in the manufacturing of biodegradable materials, from its formulation, which contains macromolecules of natural origin such as oligomers o monomers. With this goal, some topics will be examined related to several types of bio generated polymers, such as chitosan, starch, polybutylene succyanate, and polylactic acid, which have been used in the development of bio generated polymer materials by different research groups.En general los polímeros biogenerados son de gran interés para la industria, debido a la tendencia a reducir el uso de materiales derivados del petróleo. Sin embargo, sus costos de desarrollo son altos y el beneficio es todavía bajo. En la actualidad, se dispone de alternativas biodegradables de polímeros biogenerados en aproximadamente el 10% del mercado de plásticos. Su consumo se estima en 50.000 ton/año en Europa, con una cuota inferior al 1%. En este orden de ideas, el objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar la importancia de la producción de polímeros biogenerados en la fabricación de materiales biodegradables, a partir de su formulación que contiene macromoléculas de origen natural como oligómeros o monómeros. Con este fin, examinaremos temas relacionados con varios tipos de polímeros biogenerados, como el quitosano, el almidón, el succinato de polibutileno y el ácido poliláctico, que han sido utilizados para el desarrollo de materiales poliméricos biogenerados por diferentes grupos de investigació

Algunas evidencias de aplicación

Libro temático especializadoLa sustentabilidad también debe aplicarse al sistema de producción, buscando impulsar transformaciones graduales de los estilos y modelos productivos tradicionales a unas de mayor eficiencia. Y donde se incorpore la dimensión ambiental y geográfico-espacial, para crear estructuras productivas más progresivas y equitativas en las sociedades. Todo esto, como alternativa para revertir las tendencias de escasez y agotamiento de los recursos naturales, así como de los desequilibrios globales, cuyos costos permean todos los tejidos humanos. De esta manera, la “sustentabilidad productiva” se concibe como la generación de bienes y servicios con ciertos estándares de calidad, bajo un esquema de eficiencia, rendimiento y de organización inclusiva e integrada, con baja presión al ambiente y uso racional de los recursos, garantizando la estadía y permanencia de los insumos y materiales en el tiempo. Desde esta perspectiva, la producción sustentable y el crecimiento de largo plazo pueden ser explicados por la capacidad que tienen las economías para generar e incorporar conocimientos y tecnologías. De ahí que, la educación y las cualificaciones del capital humano, los cambios en la organización de la producción y la calidad institucional, sean elementos nodales para avanzar en la consolidación de este ambiente productivo

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. Methods Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. Findings Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week. Interpretation Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.Peer reviewe

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe