Mutarotational Kinetics and Glass Transition of Lactose

We report for the first time real time in situ and quantitative measurements of the mutarotation reaction of lactose in the solid state. The experiments have been performed by 13C NMR. We show that mutarotation is initiated on heating the amorphous state, and reaches chemical equilibrium close above the glass transition temperature Tg. We do not observe this transformation when starting from stable crystalline states. The final ratio of and anomers is 1:1, which suggests that the energy profile of the mutarotation reaction pathway in the solid state is actually different from the mechanism proposed for aqueous solution. This chemical equipartition is reached before the crystallization into the corresponding 1:1 molecular compound. These new data clearly illustrate the interrelation between the chemical molecular properties, the physical state of the material, and the relaxational dynamics of the glass

Salvation and Suffering in Ottoman Stories of the Prophets

The cycles of revelation, community reception, and redemption embodied by the prophets of Islam form the substance of Islamic salvation history, a literary form that has not received due attention in comparison to the didactic and homiletic dimensions of the tales of the prophets. This article suggests that salvation history is an almost infinitely malleable material that functions in different ways in different political and intellectual contexts, and can be harnessed to provide vastly different messages. Focusing on examples from Ottoman Turkish literature, this point is made through a close reading of the relevant section of Fuẓūlī’s martyrology, Garden of the Felicitous, in contrast with works by Ramaẓānzāde Meḥmed Paşa, Süleymān Çelebi, and Veysī. Where some salvation histories present an optimistic trajectory through political history, or an unfailing promise of divine grace, others find only violence and injustice, and a human condition determined by suffering

The evolution and uses of the stories of the Prophets

This is a stable archival PDF of an open-access, peer-reviewed journal volume originally published at www.mizanproject.org/journal

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

“He never took the Path of Pastime and Play” – Concepts of Childhood in Ottoman Hagiography.

Donated by Klaus Kreise

The Prophet Muhammad as an Exemplar in War: Ottoman Views on the Eve of World War I

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : New Perspectives on Turkey 22, Spring 2000

In the second half of the 19th century, the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire were shaken by a series of outbursts of sectarian violence ...

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism by Bruce Masters, BRILL, Leiden 2002.; Review by: Gottfried Hagen. (University of Michigan)

Unter den "Tyrannen seiner Araber" - Carsten Niebuhr über Konstantinopel, Türken und Osmanisches Reich. ...

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : Stephan Conermann/Josef Wiesehöfer (eds.): Carsten Niebuhr (1733-1815) und seine Zeit. Beiträge eines interdisziplinären Symposiums vom 7.-10. Oktober 1999 in Eutin. Oriens et Occidens, 5. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2002. I

German Heralds of Holy War: Applied Oriental Studies and Orientalism.

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from : (University of Michigan) [2004?]